Propagation and fungal inoculation of black huckleberry and velvet-leaf blueberry: how can these species be used in ecological reclamation?

"There is a great demand for the inclusion of berry-producing plants, such as wild blueberries or huckleberries (Vaccinium species), in forest restoration and post-industrial reclamation efforts, due to their value to wildlife and traditional users of the land. However, the biology and propagation requirements of northern Vaccinium species and their potential for use in reclamation, ecological restoration, and horticulture are largely unexplored. Propagation trials of black huckleberry (V. membranaceum) and velvet-leaf blueberry (V. myrtilloides) using seeds, hardwood cuttings, and rhizome cuttings were carried out to determine propagation protocols. Outdoor trials tested the influences of mycorrhizal inoculation and soil amendment on seedling survival. Seeds and rhizome cuttings were found to be the most effective propagation techniques for Vaccinium. Soil amendment increased outdoor seedling survival; however, none of the seedlings showed mycorrhizal colonization, regardless of inoculation treatment. These Vaccinium species are dominant components of climax sub-boreal forests, well adapted to recovery after fire; however it is difficult for them to establish rapidly on degraded soils, making soil amendments important to their use in ecological restoration. Growers must have patience when growing northern Vaccinium plants, but successful establishment is possible with adequate care and planning."