Human papillomaviruses (HPV) and their associated complications are major public
health issues in Canada and across the globe. There is significant data to support immunization
against HPV in youth as an effective method to prevent the spread of HPV. However, despite a
well-established school-based and gender-neutral program, HPV immunization rates remain
largely below targeted goals across Canada. This integrative review sought to examine the
factors influencing and inhibiting uptake amongst Canadian youth eligible for the vaccine. These
factors included parental influence, cultural and personal beliefs, societal attitudes, and structural
factors (e.g. access to healthcare services, geographic location, and socioeconomic status).
Understanding these factors is critical for developing effective interventions aimed at improving
vaccine coverage and protecting youth from HPV-related diseases.
