The unnecessary use of antibiotics for upper respiratory infections is a global public health concern (Alumran, Hou & Hurst, 2013; Lucas et al., 2015; Dwibedi et al., 2015; Kutty, 2011; Llor & Bjerrum, 2014; Rouusounides et al., 2011). This issue is most prevalent in preschool aged children, due to the frequency of upper respiratory tract infections in this group (Alumran, Hou, & Hurst, 2013; Clavenna & Bonati, 2011; Vodicka, et al., 2013). An integrative review was done and ten articles were chosen to answer the question: What are the barriers and facilitators to implementing shared decision making in relation to unnecessary antibiotic use in primary care settings when primary care providers are working with parents of preschool aged children with upper respiratory infections? Barrier subthemes identified were ineffective communication and lack of parental knowledge...
