This study examines factors influencing the adoption of decentralized water systems (DWS)
in peri-urban northern British Columbia (BC), focusing on household dynamics and gender
roles. Addressing a gap in research on DWS adoption in this context, the study is timely
given growing climate-related pressures on water availability and the need for alternative
management approaches. Using a mixed-methods design combining a systematic literature
review and a case study, the research identifies and analyzes DWS adoption factors. The
review revealed eight commonly studied factors: gender, age, income, education, rural/urban
setting, sensorial perceptions, attitude, and environmental concerns. These informed an
online survey with closed and open-ended questions, completed by twelve DWS specialists
and thirty-three peri-urban users in Prince George, BC, between September and December
2024. Thematic analysis showed these eight factors were reshaped by lived experiences,
resulting in four emergent themes that better reflect the complexity of DWS adoption in periurban northern BC: sociocultural and economic context, DWS knowledge, environmental
context, and perceived health risks. Findings reveal that adoption is shaped not only by
technical or economic factors, but also household decision-making, gendered responsibilities,
and concerns about water safety, affordability, and sustainability. The study highlights the
need for inclusive implementation strategies that reflect gender roles, local knowledge, and
environmental values, supporting socially grounded, resilient water management in rural and
peri-urban communities facing climate and infrastructure challenges.
