Wood-based biofuel options to create zero-fossil fuel district heating systems

Due to technological and economic limits wood-chip based heating systems typically operate as baseload units, leaving peak load and backup heat production to fossil fuel boilers. The techno-economic feasibility of greenhouse gas mitigation with SNG (Synthetic Natural Gas) and FPL (Fast Pyrolysis Liquids or Pyrolysis Oil) wood based biofuels are examined in this study. Both fuels are feasible but SNG does not meet current natural gas quality standards but the matter is more regulatory than technical and FPL would require significant new infrastructure. The cost of SNG production varies from $10.72 to $56.29 per GJ (Gigajoule), depending on technology and wood costs. FPL production costs range from $17.40 to $24.66 per GJ. Emissions mitigation costs range from $155 to $1052 per tonne CO~'' (carbon dioxide). SNG being most viable due to fewer civil works required at the district heating plant. Larger-scale systems are most viable with costs. --leaf i.