Socio-economic determinants of child growth in five developing countries: implications for health and development

Malnutrition is one of the five major killers of children under five in the developing world (Gove, 1997). Using DHS data, and anthropometric indicators, this study describes changes in the nutritional status of children in Northeast Brazil, Guatemala, Mali, Uganda and Zimbabwe between the 1980's and 1990' s. Results indicate that although there is a significant decrease in malnutrition in Northeast Brazil, there has been little progress and even deterioration of nutritional status in Guatemala, Mali, Uganda and Zimbabwe. There was a notable increase in wasting in all five countries, predominantly in rural areas. This study also examines several socio-economic determinants of growth. These determinants are compared both over time and across countries. A series of logistic regressions were performed based on a conceptual model of malnutrition. Results indicate that maternal education is a key predictor of stunting and radio ownership is an important predictor of underweight status. Other significant variables include place of residence, sanitation facilities, source of drinking water, immunization status and diarrhea prevalence. Reducing malnutrition is essential for social and economic development. Malnutrition consists of a complex array of determinants that requires comprehensive strategies to treat root causes. A concentrated effort is needed from national governments and the international community to promote the implementation and practical use of primary health care.