Physiognomy of British Columbia Coastal Indians. 37

coast and the adjacent islands, or they may have become confined to these fringing islands. Many of these islands are sufficiently isolated from the continent to have retained a high percent- age of O even to this day, although we would not expect to find any of their inhabitants to be so isolated, and hence so high in O, as the American Indians.

The blood groups of only a few of these peoples have been taken, but some of the results brought together in Table 5 appear to be instructive. The neighbours of some of these tribes are given also for comparison.

The y* test has been applied to a number of the blood group results in Table 5 and they clearly show, (1) that the various results obtained by different workers with the same tribe (generally in different localities) are significantly alike, and (2) that different tribes are significantly different. Thus the Gilyaks and Orokko are shown to be different, but the Orokko- and Ainu are not. As already mentioned, the Ainu in many places are very mixed. Com- paring the Formosan tribes, three series of blood groups of the Bunans (Steflan, 1932) are shown by the ? test to be alike, and similarly four groups of T’so and three of Tsarisen are significantly alike. When the totals for each tribe are tested against each other, however, the value of y? is remarkably high for Bunan vs. Tsarisen and for Tso vs. Tsarisen, and is significant for Bunan vs. Tso. Mr. D. G. Catcheside has kindly checked the computations for me. This result strongly confirms the views expressed in the present paper.

Taste 5.—Blood Growps of Various Asiatic Coastal Island Peoples (from Steffan, 1932).

O. | A. | B. AB. Tribe. Locality. Total. Per cent.

Gilyaks ...| Sakhalin O66 ooc oOn Ban Soa) a4 50 27-4 | 14-5 8:0 Orokko a 2 3 ae ae ae wer a 89 30°3 24:7 37-1 7:8 Ainu ... oe oe 3 a8 se ar 205 | 37-1] 24:4] 32-7 5:8

a ...| Lu Chu Islands, Okinawa ... 262 63-9 17°3 13-6 4-9

3 .| Hokkaido ee 205 | 19:0 | 32:7 | 34:5 | 18-7 Japanese ...| Japan ... 306 9,337 | 29-4 | 38:9] 21:0] 10-2 Taiyal .| Formosa (N-.E.) — 31-47} 33-39} 17-23) 3-8 Bunan ae (interior) ... a6 38-56) 30-37} 13-20 2-6 Tso mae a2 3 (interior mountains) 45-63] 24-33) 12-20 1-2 Paiwan (Tsarisen) ... 2 (interior, southern end) ... ; 51-54, 8-12} 32-37) 1-4-5 Paiwan » (coast, southern end) 135 35°6 19-7 33-6 11:1 Ami ... 306 06 (east coast) 236 27-1 41-1 18-6 13-2 Igorrotes .| Philippines 214 51-6 | 21-4] 21-4 5:6

In Sakhalin, the Gilyaks, who show marked resemblance to the American Indians, have

50 per cent. O, m strong contrast to the Orokko (believed to be a branch of the continental Tungus) and the Ainu of this island. Quite possibly the ancestral Gilyaks were still more like Indians and their blood groups all O. The Gilyaks are found partly near the mouth of the Amur in Siberia. It would be interesting to know if these people have a higher percentage of A and B than those of Sakhalin. The Ainu are known to be greatly mixed with the Japanese,