28 R. Ruceies Gates anD Gro. E. DarBy.—Blood Groups and

always had eyes of a lighter shade of brown and not the intense “ black,” characteristic of most Indians.

The Bella Bella Mission is now about 52 years old. When the first missionary arrived there the people were quite uncivilized, but a Hudson’s Bay Company post had already existed there for some years. These Indians are of good mentality. They make suitable carpenters and boat builders, or engineers on the motor boats. Living on the coast, nearly every family has a motor launch worth $500 or more. One Indian paid $10,000 for a seine boat, and a group own another boat worth $15,000. They trap a good many furs and some formerly made a livelihood in logging or driving lumber logs down the rivers. Now their income is mainly from salmon fishing for the canneries, but they also fish halibut and cod. Several of the villages have their own electric light plant. Most of the young people have been educated up to seventh grade standard, a few to High School at the Industrial Schools. Although nearly every village has its day school, yet the people are not at home long enough in the year for the children to make great progress. Nearly all the Indians have taken English names as they came under the influence of missionaries and others, but these names have no special significance.

Certain facts with regard to the inheritance of the A blood group may now be pointed out. Many of the A individuals belonged to a few families in which it has evidently been transmitted for two or more generations. The most striking case is the Starr family at Klemtu, which includes eight of the fourteen A’s found in that village. They were otherwise typical of the Indian population and not in any way aberrant, but IV. 1, IV. 3 and IV. 4 had light skin colour, a clear indication of white blood in the ancestry. From the pedigree (Text- fig. 1) it will be seen that the eight individuals known to have the blood group A belong to the first, second, and fourth generations. Several (marked d) have died and their blood group is unknown. Probably I. 1 and I. 2 were both A, since their descendants show it, although it might of course have come from the other parent. No. II. 5 married twice, and has transmitted A to his descendants by his first wife. Probably III. 2 and III. 3 were both A. Nos. III. 5, TIL. 6, II]. 7 and IV. 5 were all O, as well as IV. 2 and V.1 who was one year old. No. II. 1 was not tested. The results are in accordance with expectation for a single Mendelian factor. There have been at least five generations of descendants from the original cross.

In the Brown family, also at Klemtu, father, mother, and son were all A, a daughter being O. The 4 A’s at Owikano all belonged to the same family, the father, mother and two children all being A. Moreover, the father’s father was a half-brother to the mother’s father. In the records four couples were both A, although they are not supposed to marry within the tribal crest. Of the 7 A’s at Bella Bella, two were ‘““dark,” two ‘‘ medium,” one “light” and obviously with white blood, and two were mother and son.

Of the two individuals who gave the B test, one was a woman of 50 from Kitamaat, with a light skin colour. It is worth noting that this village was the last tested. The other B was a man of 45 in Klemtu, having somewhat negroid features. His two sisters, who both tested O, were of markedly negroid type. One of them is shown in Pl. IV, Fig. 14. It may be pointed out that negro populations have a high percentage (up to 30 per cent.) of B.