The repatriation of cultural property to First Nations is often guided by voluntary procedures developed by museums, and legislation enacted by government. The treaty process can also direct repatriation negotiations between First Nations and museums. The return of cultural property from museums to First Nations has the potential to restore aboriginal cultural self-determination rights and begin a process of reconciliation between these two groups. However, neither First Nations cultural self-determination nor reconciliation with museums can be achieved through the repatriation of cultural property alone. In order for cultural self-determination to be fully realized complete control over cultural property must be reinstated to First Nations communities. Conditions placed on the care and storage of returned objects can interfere with First Nations cultural practices and can foster mistrust and resentment towards museums. An examination of voluntary policies, treaty processes, and legislative acts demonstrates that legislation is best able to restore full cultural self-determination to First Nations and achieve reconciliation with museums. --P.ii.
Since the establishment of self-government in Nunavut, the Inuit have gained domestic self-determination over the management of important living resources such as the polar bear. By exercising self-determination, the Inuit have been better able to realize the maximum economic utility of these resources by pursuing their commodification in international markets. Recently, however, the ability of the Inuit to use the international market as a medium for economic development has been constrained by environmental campaigns that oppose the commodification of the polar bear as a hunting trophy. This paper examines the impact of these international forces on Inuit self-determination, and on the capacity of Inuit to achieve their longer term economic development goals. Using polar bear management as a case study, I argue that in order to achieve their longer-term economic development objectives in relation to living resource management, the Inuit must employ a more pragmatic and strategic approach to the pursuit of economic opportunities in the international marketplace. In order to advance their pursuit of economic self-determination, I argue that the Inuit must seek to establish more cooperative relationships with international actors such as environmental NGOs, and with respect to the commercial development of Arctic wildlife, establish a common set of goals that are based on a shared anthropocentrism. --P.ii.
