The complex relationship between politics and feminism in British Columbia between 1950 and 1980 is explored in this thesis, with an emphasis on the media's role in forming the identities of women involved in local government. The careers of Beth Wood of New Westminster, Carrie Jane Gray of Prince George, and Doreen Lawson of Burnaby will be used as examples of how women were expected to maintain a feminine appearance and still demonstrate an aptitude for work that had once been determined best suited for men. Newspaper portrayals of these women often accentuated the differences between women politicians and their male colleagues, making equality a more difficult objective to attain. Even though these women did not appear to advocate feminist causes, by today's standards, however, these women would be considered feminists because of their convictions and actions and by opening the doors of city hall for future generations of women.
Chromium is a transition metal element but it is also considered a heavy metal due to its potential toxicity when discharged into the environment through effluent streams. Biosorbents such as wood sawdust, biochar, and ashes from industrial boilers and gasifiers are investigated here to remove chromium from the environment. The removal efficiency of Cr(III) from aqueous solutions using sawdusts and biochars from soft pine (SP), yellow poplar (YP), red oak (RO), and Douglas fir (DF) were improved after treatment with aqueous ammonia. Among them, the removal efficiencies were 51.14% and 50.92% using ammonia-treated SP and YP, respectively and at 99.95% and 99.41%, respectively for boiler and gasifier ashes. However, the boiler ash and ammonia-treated YP had lower biosorption abilities for Cr(III) in chromium-plating and tannery effluents compared to aqueous solutions. The complex composition of these industrial wastewaters and the presence of other metal ions may have influenced the chromium sorption. --Leaf [i]
Adsorption is a commonly used method for arsenic remediation. The adsorption and immobilization effectiveness of arsenic by soil particles and used hand warmers was studied. The adsorption effectiveness at equilibrium of soil particles in 10 ppm As(III) solution was: clay (77.70%) > silt (69.24%) > sand (41.35%). In 1000 ppm As(III) solution, 17.02 mg As(III) was adsorbed onto each gram of hand warmers at equilibrium, which was significantly higher than other adsorbents. For As(III) adsorption from aqueous solution, soil samples and hand warmers were well fitted to the pseudo secondorder model and the Freundlich model. After 8 weeks of soil incubation, the sequential extraction procedure data indicated the labile fractions of arsenic (F1 and F2) decreased with the addition of hand warmers. Meanwhile, the percentage of the most stable fraction, F5, increased. These results are valuable for the future application of used hand warmers as an adsorbent/amendment for arsenic decontamination.
