34 R. Ruaetes Gates AND Gzo. E. Darspy.—Blood Groups and

at Haskell Institute, Kansas. She also tested 457 Navahos from two Indian schools in Arizona.
She further showed that in every individual whose corpuscles were inagglutinable by the A
and B sera (t.e. who belonged to blood group O) their plasma nevertheless contained the
agglutinins a and 6. Hence their blood showed no difference from that of Europeans who
are in blood group O.

Tests made in Mexico and Central America have given similar blood grouping. Thus Rife
(1932) tested (a) 30 full-blood Indians in the upper Usumacintha valley (Chiapas, Guatemala,
Tabasco) and (6) 96 of full blood in Yucatan. Care was taken to test only pure bloods and
there were only two A’s in 126. Similarly, the 112 full-blood Navahos on a reservation in
New Mexico were all O except one. Goodner (1930) also distinguished between the pure
descendants of the Maya in Yucatan when the Spanish arrived in the 16th century (97-7
per cent. O), and the Yucatecans who were mixed with Spanish blood and showed only 85-1
per cent. O. He points out that Moss and Kennedy (1929) did not make this distinction,
which accounts for their results. Thus in Mexico and Central America it is safe to conclude
that the natives were originally all O, with the possible exception of an occasional A.

In South America similar conditions obtain among those of pure descent, except for
Rahm’s claim regarding the Yahgans of Tierra del Fuego (see Table 4).

Taste 4.—Blood Groups of South American Indians.

Author. Locality. Total. O. A B. AB

Rahm (1931 a) ...| Argentina ... SBS 36 500 eee eZON —_ — — —
Per cent. ... is see 300 or 82-9 12-7 4-2 —

Boroa, S. Chile Be re sis ae 13 ] 12 — —

Mapucho Indians, 8. Chile ... Bac 508) ned 27 — — _

Reservation, S. Chile 5G AG an, 20 11(?) — 9 —

Rahm (1931 6) ...| Tehuelche Indians, Patagonia cee 5 5 — — —
Tierra del Fuego, Yahgans ... 306 aod Oe 3 — 30 =

Onas 22 21 —_— 1 —_

Alakalufs 2 — 2 —

Rahm (1931 a) reports nearly 83 per cent. O among Argentine Indians among whom there
has probably been some crossing. Among 13 natives on a reservation in Boroa, Southern
Chile, he found 12 A and only 1 O. They had blue eyes, chestnut hair and European features,
and were believed to be descendants of Dutch sailors and women wrecked there 150 years ago.

On another reservation 27 Mapucho Indians were tested, all O, while on a third there were
9 B out of apparently 20 (the author’s arithmetic is obscure). On other reservations the O
amounted to over 75 per cent., but the numbers tested are all small.

The same author (Rahm, 1931 6, c, d) examined five Tehuelche Indians in Patagonia,
all O, and 62 natives from the extreme south in Tierra del Fuego. Of the latter he reports
that 30 out of 33 Yahgans were B (the rest apparently O); Onas 22, all O except one who was
the son of a Yahgan woman and an Ona man. He was B. Two Alakalufs were examined,