Physiognomy of British Columbia Coastal Indians. 39

Physiognomy and Miscegenation.

Many of those whose blood groups were taken were also photographed. Examination of
some of the photographs (Pl. I, Fig. 3—P1. IV, Fig. 9) will show how largely the people of Bella
Bella have absorbed white blood. PI. IV, Figs. 11 and 12 are of people from Kitamaat, showing
a similar degree of mixture, and Pl. IV, Figs. 4-6, 13, 14 from Klemtu. PI. V, Fig. 8, is a group
photograph of all the Indians tested at Tacush. They show an equal amount of white blood.
The Nootka Indians, however, from the west coast of Vancouver Island, show distinctly more
Indian features (Pl. V, Figs. 1-7), although a few of these appear to be not of pure blood.
Various peculiarities and relationships of these people will be pointed out in connection with
the plates, but certain further remarks may be made here.

The pedigree of the Starr family, which contains the A blood group, has already been
given (p. 29). Several of their photographs (Pl. I, Figs. 3-9), which can be identified
from the pedigree, show that they have a large amount of white blood. They all belong to
Klemtu except No. I. 6, who lives at Bella Bella.

It might be supposed that other families which are mainly or entirely in blood group O
would be more Indian in appearance. This does not, however, appear to be the case, the
reason presumably being that the white ancestor in such crosses, being nearly always hetero-
zygous for A if A is present, would have transmitted O as well as“ white ” characters in such
“white ”’

‘

cases. There is no evidence that the mixed families with O blood group are less
than those with A blood group.

Pl. III, Fig. 8, was a man born in slavery, one of his parents having been captured by
the Haidas of Queen Charlotte Islands. Pl. II, Fig. 9 represents the chief of the Bella
Bella, and Pl. I, Fig. 10 is his brother. Both evidently contain a large proportion of white
blood, as is equally obvious in Pl. IV, Fig. 1, which represents sisters, although 1a is classified
as dark and 18 as medium in skin colour. Of the photographs from Klemtu, Pl. IV, Figs. 13
and 14 are distinctly negroid, as shown by the lips and nose, although the former evidently has
nearly straight hair not at all of negroid type.

The more isolated Nootka Indians (Pl. V, Figs. 1-7) seem to show less influence of
the white man, both culturally and physically, and this is confirmed by the blood groups,
which were all O. It will be seen that while Pl. V, Figs. 1 and 3 have straight hair, Fig. 2
has wavy hair and features which possibly suggest white blood. Pl. V, Fig. 4 is distinctly
similar, but Pl. V, Fig. 7 is definitely more wavy or even curly. The women in Pl. V,
Figs. 5 and 6 belong to a younger generation and their features suggest white blood, but
perhaps this may only be greater sophistication. Since the Nootka examined, if not entirely
of Indian descent, at least have much less white blood than the various Kwakiutl groups tested,
the percentages of the various blood groups are given in Table 1 excluding the Nootka. It
might be thought desirable to exclude the Haida children also, who showed only one A among
22, but the Haida are regarded on other evidence as having much white mixture.t Clearly it
is desirable that large numbers of both Haida and Nootka should be tested.

1 Of course, a European is likely to be heterozygous for A, in which case he wil] transmit either A or

O with equal frequency.

b

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