73

cut brick or drain tile. Bank is 40 by 400 feet in outcrop. Many large
deposits at intervals along Fraser canyon as far as Quesnel, see section
on page 19. Silt from near Kersley yielded similar results.

Sample 2. In railway-cut just north of 17 Mile ranch, Fraser canyon
(Figure 2, locality 38). Dark grey, residual clay in 15-foot bed of andesite.
This is bed No. 5 of section in Lower Voleanics (see page 12). Good plas-
ticity, but stony. Burns to porous, red body of low strength. Not refrac-
tory and not of commercial value because of its stone content.

- Sample 3. West of sample 2. Yellow white or drab, residual clay in
12-foot bed of white andesite. This is bed No. 12 of section in Lower

Voleanics (see page 12). Extremely stiff, soapy, and hard to work. Cracks |

badly on drying and cannot be used in plastic state. Worked by dry pro-
cess, yields sound, dark red bricks suitable for face brick. Not refractory
and not of commercial value because of stone content.

Sample 4. West of sample 2. Green-grey, residual clay in 35-foot
bed of dacitic ash. This is bed 21 of section referred to in Nos. 2 and 3.
Its properties resemble No. 3. :

Sample §. From base of slide opposite Pavilion station (Figure 2,
locality 37). Red, stony clay derived from Coldwater formation. The
‘clay content has good plasticity, burns red, but brick develops cracks jn
firing. Shrinkage air dried 9-5, burnt to cone 03, 13 per cent. The clay
content would make common brick, but it would not pay to separate the
rock ftom it for that purpose.

Sample 6. Just west of and above Cariboo road, 17 miles north of
Ashcroft, in Bonaparte valley (Figure 2, locality 36 and Plate XIII).
Brown and yellow, residual clay in an 80-foot bed of grey quartzite of the
Cache Creek series. The beds are faulted, mineralized, and much altered;
75 per cent of mass is clay. The clay part separated by washing, burnt
to rich, dark red at 1,000 degrees C.

Not refractory and not of commercial value because of stone content.

Sample 7. Overlying sample 6. Yellowish clay in a 40-foot bed of
white, coarse quartzite of the Cache Creek series. - Same properties as
sample 6. : =

Sample 8. Just below main seam of lignite 20 feet from mouth of
tunnel on Australia creek (Figure 1, locality 11). Drab-grey clay in 1-foot
bed in the Fraser River formation. Another seam of same kind and thick-
ness 5 inches below. Fairly plastic. Burns to deep buff. Shrinkage
air dried 6 per cent, at cone 06 (1,030 degrees C.) 12 per cent. The
shrinkage is high and sand should be added for brickmaking. A rapid
rise of temperature in burning will cause bloating. A fair grade of common
brick.

Sample 9. Just above main lignite seam, same location as sample 5.
Several beds of brownish clay; total thickness 5 feet. Punky and crumbling
body when wet.. Burns to light red, porous body at 900 degrees C., red
‘brown and vitrified at 1,100 degrees C. Clay bloats at higher temperatures.
A poor grade of common. building brick.

Sample 10. From brick-yard west bank Quesnel river in Quesnel village
(Figure 1, locality 10, and Figure 12, locality 6). Seventeen-foot bed of
grey to drab clay of Fraser River Tertiary formation outcrops from river
up, with beds carrying ironstone concretions, 17 feet exposed. Over this
is 3 feet of carbonaceous clay and 4 feet more of silt and clay. Plasticity
and working qualities good; requires 33 per cent of water. Dries easily

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