THE SOUTHERN DENES. 55

16th. Further north still are, in Oregon, the Siletz reservation by
the sea coast and the Grande Ronde reservation, immediately to the northeast.
The 45th degree of latitude passes through both reserves, which are conti-
guous at the apices of their northeast and southwest angles. In the former
about one-half of the natives, say 280, are of Déné parentage. In the latter
are now stationed 82 Umpqua Dénés and 52 Rogue River Indians belonging
to the same race. The original lands of these fragments of tribes extended
from their present seats south to the California frontier.

17th. Much confusion exists as to the Dénés of the State of Washington.
Powell enumerates three bands, namely, the Kwalhioqua, the Owilapsh, and
the Tlascanai. He then quotes Gibbs as to the migrations of the latter, thereby
conveying the impression that he was writing after that pioneer ethnographer.
But Gibbs counts only two tribes, the first of which he calls “the Willopah
(Kwalhiokwa), or, as they call themselves, Owhillapsh’!. On the other hand,
Dr. F. Boas assures us that Owhillapsh “is the name of the Chinook tribe
of the Lower Willopah River’?, while the Déné band dwelt on the upper
course of the same. This assertion, therefore, would find both Gibbs and
Powell at fault. But now comes Dr. Goddard who, after telling us that there
were probably five distinct dialects within the Pacific Déné group, mentions
“the Kwalhioqua and Willopah” as the one spoken in Washington. As Kwal-
hiokwa is the name of the Indians and Willopah that of their habitat, it would
seem as if the tribes in that State were now reduced to one®*. This is indeed
a case of scinduntur doctores.

As, however, all the other authors* speak of at least one other cognate
tribe as being located within the same political division, I think the only
course open to me is to class the Washington Dénés, now mostly extinct, into
two small groups: the Kwaliokwas and the Klatskanais. The former occupied
the upper Willopah River and its tributaries towards the head of the Chehalis.
The latter dwelt on the banks of a small stream on the northwest side of
Wapto Island, though they also resorted to the mountains on the south side of
the Columbia. In 1855 three or four families of Kwaliokwas were still found
above the forks of the Chehalis®, but the Klatskanais were even then “nearly
xii Chis.

The chief interest these small bands offer to the ethnologist is derived
from the fact that they were, within United States territory, the nearest to
the northern Dénés whom we have studied in our last chapter. Gibbs says
that they were “of the Tahkali (Carrier) stock, though divided by nearly six

* Contributions to N. A. Ethnology, p. 171.

* Tenth Report on the N. W. tribes of Canada, p. 67.

3 Above statement is from a Dictionary article now ready for the press, copy of which
Dr. G. has kindly sent me.

* And Dr. G. himself elsewhere.

5 Contrib. to N. A. Ethnol., vol. J, p. 171.