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below Eightmile creek the valley widens, and gravel benches along the
sides are continuous even in the narrow part above, and form marked
features. At about 34 miles downstream the valley bottom is compar-
atively wide and is partly blocked by morainic drift ridges which have
diverted the stream and caused it to cut a rock canyon on the north side of
the valley. About 2 miles lower down another rock canyon occurs. The
creek has a fall of about 125 feet in the first mile below Eightmile creek
and the total fall in 7 miles is nearly 900 feet.

Mining on Summit creek and its two main tributaries on the north
side in the lower part, Sisters (or West) creek and Hobo gulch, has been
carried on intermittently since the early nineties. Mining of the bench
eravels at many places in the narrow part, and also in a few places in the
wider, lower part, was carried on by ground-sluicing, and two fairly large
hydraulic claims and one deep-drifting claim were operated for several
seasons. The upper of the two hydraulic claims was known as the Victoria,
the lower as the Van Winkle. The deep-drifting, or creek claim was known
as the Juanita. All three were owned by the Colonial Mines Development
Company of Canada, Limited, of which F. T. Hamshaw was superintendent.
Mining operations were carried on from 1899 to 1901, when the Company
passed into the hands of a receiver and operations ceased. The upper
hydraulic pit is a short distance below the upper rock canyon on the creek
and the lower pit about three-quarters of a mile farther downstream below
where the stream takes a sharp bend to the north. The Juanita claim,
on which a shaft was sunk to mine the deep channel, was at the lower end
of the upper hydraulic pit. The shaft is on the right side of the valley
flat, which is about 175 feet wide and about 75 feet below the general
surface in the vicinity of the creek. Bedrock is exposed in places on both
sides of the creek flat, but is mostly concealed by gravels and boulder
clay, which vary in thickness from a thin layer:to 30 feet or more. John

_ Peterson, who worked in the mine, states that the shaft was 106 feet deep

to bedrock. The shaft was sunk, for the greater part of the depth, in partly
cemented glacial silt which served admirably to keep out the water. Gravels
containing some water were passed through near the bottom, but there
was no difficulty in keeping the mine dry by pumping during the drifting
operations. In all, about 575 feet of 4-foot tunnels were run from the bottom
of the shaft, across the channel 175 feet and upstream, and eight blind
shafts, the lowest being 30 feet, were sunk to bedrock in the channel, but
it was not certain that the lowest part of the channel had been reached.
Very little gold was found on bedrock in the channel and the tunnel gravels
averaged only $1 to $4 a set. Water for hydraulicking was brought on
the ground at the upper hydraulic pit by a ditch 25 miles long, from
Summit creek, and at the lower pit by a ditch 2% miles long and about 1
mile of flume and 3,600 feet of pipe. Several monitors and double lines of
sluice boxes, equipped with double undercurrents, were used in each pit.
Mr. Hamshaw stated! that in 1901 a run of thirty-two days was made and
18,000 cubic yards of ground moved on the Victoria claim, and a run of
twenty-six days made on the Van Winkle claim and 32,000 cubic yards of
ground washed. The material washed was mainly the surface gravels,

1Ann. Rept., Minister of Mines, B.C., 1901, p. 735.