138 BRITISH COLUMBIA.

wooden ribs and thwarts, every crevice being filled with resin. Variations existed
as to details of construction and actual form among the different tribes. The
Thompson and Shuswap preferred sharp, spur-like ends running under water,
said to be reminiscent of the canoes in use in Eastern Siberia; whereas among
the Chilcotin and Carrier the canoes were fashioned with high, rounded stems
and sterns. In some cases also, birch bark was used only for the upper rim of
the canoe; spruce bark, white pine, or balsam poplar being employed for the
body.