18 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA.

Pacific Railway Survey, for their uniform courtesy in furnishing trans-
port, supplies, &c., even in cases where doing so might have entailed
some inconvenience to themselves. During the season’s work on the
mainland, I was ably assisted by Mr. Amos Bowman, to whom my

thanks are due, as well as to Professor Macoun and Dr. G. Engelmann,
who have since aided in determining some of the botanical specimens
collected.

With the exception of incidental references in connection with the *
general description of the country, the superficial geology, including the
history of the glacial period and its deposits, is not treated of in this i
report, the time at present at command being insufficient for that

purpose. .

True bearings. The bearings given throughout this report are with reference to the true
meridian.

Belling of (In the Indian names of places, where a conventional mode of spelling

has not become too firmly fixed by long usage or previous publication,
the orthography of the Smithsonian Standard Vocabulary has been fol-
lowed as closely as possible without the use of special type; 00, however,
being sounded as in “ pool.” The words thus spelt according to pronun-
ciation are divided into syllables by hyphers.)

GENERAL Description or Country, AND Routes TRAVELLED.

Vegetation at From Quesnel to Blackwater Bridge.—In avproaching Quesnel from the
ee south, many of the plants of the dry regions of the interior plateau
disappear, and are replaced by others suited to a moister climate. In
conjunction with ‘this, it is found that grain may be grown without
irrigation at this place, and northward. On the 28th and 29th of May of
last year, the service-berry (Amelanchier Canadensis), the high bush cran-
berry ( Viburnum pauciflorum), and wood violet ( Viola Canadensis) were
found in full flower. The wild strawberry (Fragaria Virginiana) still
showed many blossoms; and the floral bracts of the pigeon-berry (Cornus
Canadensis) were beginning to whiten. The berries of Shepherdia Cana-
densis were formed, though small.

On leaving the river bank opposite Quesnel, the trail gradually ascends
over broken ground, due to former slides affecting the edges of the
terraces with which the river valley is fringed. The two best marked
of these are elevated 150 and 560 feet respectively above the fiood level of
the Fraser; the last named again appears at an elevation of 100 feet
above the stream called West River, ten miles from Quesnel. The

Benches.