ON- THE NORTH-WESTERN TRIBES OF CANADA.

Kwakiutl Dialect.
to kill, tlzla’mas.

Singular
Object |
Ist person | 2nd person 5rd pers. near speaker
lst pers. sing. — —as gya' qEn . —tha' gyd'qen
Ce yy 5 —Entlutl —— —tkhuutls
S1k6 Vegeta ae —rntlak ikn —asé' kikn, | —kyd'kiku'
1st pers. plur. incl. - = —iku gya' qents
Sh. rss ee OXCL, — —as gya'genug | -—thu gya'qenug
2nd _,, “ —daoqguntlutl — | —daogihyutl |
ard.” 5, oat —daogentlakikn | —daoqast'hikn? | —daoghya'kiku |
| Plural |
Object (ete -- ————————
| Ist pers. incl. | 1st person excl. | 2nd person 3rd person
Ist pers. sing. | — — —daogas gya' gen |\—daogikn gya'qrn
BNR | —~ | —Enuqutl — \— daogikyttts |
Oras; ; »2 —Entsakihku  —rnuquaktky |\—daoqasék thx —daoghy@ktku* |
ist j,  plur. | _ — | — \tlétlelamasdaogikn
incl. | gya' gents §
1st pers. plur. | — — —daogas gya'ge- \tlétlzlamasdacgiku |
excl. | nug ® gy@' qenug
2nd pers. ,, | — 5 Aiga tlétizlamas
| daogikyttl
Bg el | 5 5 —daoqasEk thy’ (\tlétlazlamas-
| | daoghya'kthu*

The characters of the tenses : —wtl for the past and —¢/ for the future follow the
stem of the verb:
we are going to kill thee, ¢lzlamastlenu'qitl.
we have killed thee, tlelamas'utlzenu'qitl.

The transitive verb may be inflected by means of auxiliary verbs, in which case the
latter are treated like an intransitive verb, while the verbal stem retains the incor-
porated pronoun or is followed by the pronominal object.

I have killed thee, lemen tlela'masitl.
I have killed him (near me), /zemen tlula’mask thu.
thou hast killed me, len'ms tleld'mas gya'qen.

1 The form for ‘ person near speaker’ is here given; for ‘near addressed person’
the ending is —wq instead of —iku; for absent, visible, —é@; for absent, invisible,
—éE or @’.

2 Also instead of the plvral form with —daog with reduplication: ¢lélzlé’ma-
sase'h'iku.

3 Near person addressed: —ugiitl; absent, —éatl.

* The various forms corresponding to the locations of subject and object correspond
to those of the substantive possessive pronoun, third person (see p. 108).

5 These forms have the same ending as that with the object in 3rd (viz. 2nd) person
singular, but is reduplicated : tlétlelamasentsak’i'ka, tlétlzla'masenuqitl, and tlétin-
la’masenuqtiaki' ku.

§ Or tlétlela'masas gya'qenug.

7 Or, if it does not appear from the context that the object is plural : ¢lét2zlama-
saséki'ku. The forms of the subject, second person singular, object, third person
plural, and subject, second person plural, object, third person singular and plural are
identical ; it must be decided from the context what is meant.

® In this and the following form the verb must be reduplicated.

a a a ele el aia