WINTER CEREMONIAL DANCES 125 the house to serve as targets, and stones as ammunition. As soon as the call comes, X cries out, begins to throw stones at these objects, and the uninitiated are at once expelled. X is usually led, closely guarded, to every. house where he casts more rocks, and may break a number of utensils. Since it is well known that, under normal circumstances, he must never throw a stone, the uninitiated are convinced that he must indeed be animated by a strange power. This being /suxtamem, the kukusiut gather in X’s house during the evening to learn and practise one, or sometimes two, songs for him. If X is a novice, the theme is of his ancestor and the accident which originated the dance; on later occasions it is of his patron and the land above. All Breakers do not have Sdanottxiumutelts Aiquniém as patron; some have Snukilmals, a supernatural being who causes wealth to curl up and come to him. The chorus is the same as for Scratchers, the meaningless words, ‘ait, ’aii. Itissaid that this same refrain is used by the Breakers of all coastal tribes, so that their songs can be distinguished from those of Scratchers only by the words. With the food, presents are given to recompense those on whom X has dis. played his prerogative, that is, those whose utensils have been broken. Sometimes canoes and other valuable objects are destroyed by Breakers, depending entirely on their desire to exhibit their right. Next morning, nusiutalsap, X again becomes frenzied and tushes from house to house, destroying property. Of course this is later paid for, but the uninitiated have no idea that arrangements had been made for the boxes and other objects to be placed in suitable spots. During the day a number of kukusiut are sent to collect wood for nine masks. When mem- bers of the society gather in the evening the songs are prac- tised, and the making of the masks allotted. One of these is of Sanotiximutelts Aiquntém, four are of Breakers in the land above,® four of supernatural beings who sing there for the Supernatural Breakers, and one of the inevitable Jno°ikwo- The relation of these Breakers to the patron is not clear.