ON THE NORTH=\WESTERN TRIBES OF CANADA. 117

The terminal m and » are sonant and somewhat lengthened. In this dialect
takes generally the place of ¢ of the northern dialects.

GRAMMATICAL NOTES.
THE NOUN AND THE ADJECTIVE.
The noun has a singular and plural. The latter is formed by the suflix —-muna.
In a few cases it is formed by reduplication, epenthesis, or dixresis.
fire, /nik; pl. t’@intk and i/nikmena.
house, mahté; pl. mama'hté.
village, ma'utl; pl. ma'’mautl.
common man, 0'stcim; pl. maid'steima.
child, ta’na; pl. ta’tnéis (—is, diminutive).
canoe, ted'pats ; pl. tceya'pats and tedpatsmurna.
man, kds; pl. kd’os.
man, tez'hup ; pl. tcd'’hupéa.
island, tea'ok ; pl. ted'teck.
woman, ¢/é’tsma; pl. tlitsamea.
chief, tea’mata ; pl. te’ated'mata.

I am not quite certain whether this is really a plural or whether it is rather a
distributive. In a number of cases | found the singular form applied where we should
expect the plural; p.e., all the men, tedd'te tex’kup. My impression is that -mzenae
is a real plural, while the amplified stem is actually a distributive. The exceptions
given above may be explained by assuming that the distributive is used instead
of the plural. This opinion is supported by the fact that any noun when it is clearly
distributive has a form corresponding to the exceptions given above. This becomes
clear in compounds of parts of the body that are double. We find, for instance, in
compounds with -nwk, hand :

bones of hands, haha'mutnuku'm; from ha’mit, bone.

flesh of hands, ts’isk'tsésnuku'm ; » ts't'skmis, flesh.
second fingers, teté'itsnuku'm ; » ta’ia, elder brother.
skin of hand, tutu'koak'nukw'm ; » tu'koak’, skin.
strong-handed, na'cndknuk , na'cuk, strong.

The plural of adjectives with the verbum substantivum is formed in the same
way :

sick, ¢é’itl; pl. taté’itl.
long, ia’? ; yr 1a tak’.
large, 7h; a

(See p. 119, Inflection of the Verb.)

NUMERALS.

CARDINAL NUMBERS.
1 nup. 1 man, ts’o'wak. 9 ts’0’wakutl. 100 sute’e’k:.
2 a’tila. 10 hai’t. 120 no’p’6k’.
3. k-a'tstsa. 11 hai’t ic ts’o’wak. 140 a’tlpok:.
4 mo. 20 tsa’keits. 160 a’tlakutlek:.
5 st’tea, 30. tsa’k-eits ic hai’. 180 ts’o/wakutlé’k’.
6 no’po. 40 atlé’k. 200 hai’uk:.
7 a’tlpo. 60 k-atsts¢e’k:. 1000 sutc’ekpEtuk:.
8 a’tlakutl. 80 moyé’k:.

The system of numerals is quinary vigesimal. fight and nine are respectively
two and one less than ten.

The numerals take suffixes which denote the objects counted. Besides the class
suffixes for round, long, flat objects, days, fathoms, the numerals may take any of the
noun and verbal suffixes (see p. 124). The numerals are all derived from the same
stems, the sole exception being one, ts’é’wak, which is applied to men only. It is a
curious fact that in counting objects other than men derivatives of ¢s’d’wak are used
for nine and twenty.