14

Section A of Table XIII compares the thirty-five adult male Sekani
and Carrier Indians measured by Jenness, with the twenty-nine adult
male Beaver Indians measured by the author. Their mean measurements
and indices are set out in the first and second columns of this section;
in the third column the differences between these means are recorded;
and, in the fourth column are to be found the results of calculations showing
the number of times the difference between two measurements is greater
than the square root of the sum of the squares of their probable errors.
If we somewhat arbitrarily accept a result of 3-0 or more as significant of
a real difference in mean measurements, and if we accept a result of less
than 3-0 as evidence that the mean difference in the third column is to be
disregarded, then: since in the fourth column of section A the figure
3-0 is exceeded only twice we may take it that the male Beaver Indians
differ from Sekani and Carrier Indians in only two of the measurements
that were taken; the measurements being the biparietal diameter of the
head (Diff. /P.E. diff. of 4-3) and the menton-nasion diameter of the
face (Diff. /P.E. diff. of 4-9). In these diameters there are almost beyond
question differences of at least 3-5 mm. and 4-5 mm., respectively. And,
it may be that there is a difference of 2-3 mm. or more in the bizygomatic
diameter as indicated by the fact that its Diff. /P.E. diff. is 2-8 (i.e., odds
of 16-0 to 1-0). In other words it may be said that in so far as the physical
proportions of the adult male Indians on which this report is based are
concerned, there are very definite intertribal differences in head breadth
and in face length and that there is possibly a difference in the face breadth.

We are naturally interested to know whether these differences are
great or small. Column No. 3 supplies the desired information inasmuch
as it records the minimal extent of the differences. Except in the above
two items (three items if width of face be included) the Beaver, Sekani,
and Carrier Indians, so far as our investigations have gone, do not differ
from each other. That is to say in stature, length of head, width of face,
and in the height and width of the nose there are no significant mean
differences between the adult males of these tribes.

The Sekanis and Carriers have unusually long faces. Their heads,
however, though broader (155-5+0-63) than the heads of the Beavers,
are not broader than those of the Saulteaux of Island lake (155-6+0-49),
nor . the Sioux (155-5+0-16), nor of the Indians of Labrador (156-8+
0:57).

We may now compare the Sekani, Carrier, and Beaver men (who, we
have just seen, differ from each other in but two or three respects) with
the Chipewyan men. It may be seen on carrying the eye down the fourth
columns of sections B and C, that the Chipewyans are shorter in stature
than the other three tribes (as evidenced by Diff. /P.E. diff. 5-4 and 3-5)
and that they have a lower cephalic index, a longer head, and a greater
cephalo-facial index. It will be seen that they resemble the Beavers and
differ from the Sekanis and Carriers in breadth of head, and that they
resemble the Sekanis and Carriers and differ from the Beavers in breadth
of face. In height and width of nose there are no significant differences
between the men of any of the tribes.

Further, it would appear from section C that the Beavers and Chipe-
wyans have a similar mean sitting height, about 88-5 cms., but that they