There are many muskrat marshes and beaver areas
throughout the north Pacific Region, suitable for develop-
ment under Indian management, such
on elsewhere in Canada. If these
and managed by the natives, they would support a large
part of the native population. One experiment in beaver
conservation on the Finlay River in the Stuart Lake
Indian Agency, British Columbia, reported encouraging
progress.

When game and fur-bearing animals
Mative economy disturbed, supplies are issued by the
Government to the natives requiring assistance, through
district medical officers, Royal Canadian Mounted Police,
traders, or missionaries, in that order of authority. When
game is available, however, hunters are not relieved of the
obligation of providing for their families, otherwise native
morale would tend to deteriorate. The establishment of
the reindeer industry in the vicinity of the Mackenzie
River Delta and the provision of nat
some of the measures instituted by the
Administration to broaden the basis
Natives.

as is being carried
areas were developed

are scarce, and the

ive game preserves are
Northwest Territories
of subsistence of the

The education of the native children is provided for at
day and residential schools throughout the region. The
day schools are operated by the Government, the teachers
being appointed from the religious denominations to which
the Indians on the reserves belong. The residential schools

‘

are operated by the Church of England in Canada or by the
Roman Catholic Church, on a per capita grant for pupils,
paid by the Dominion Government.

Medical services are also provided for the native
population at many points throughout the region where
hospitals, doctors and nurses are located. These hospitals
are maintained by the Dominion Government or by the
church missions. In the latter case the Government pays
the mission a daily allowance at an established rate for
each native patient receiving treatment.

ESKIMO

The welfare of the Eskimo is also a responsibility of the
Department of Mines and Resources and is under the
Northwest Territories Administration.

The Eskimo population of Canada’s Northwest Region,
numbering 866, is distributed almost entirely along the
Arctic Coast in small communities and the settlements
of Aklavik, Tuktoyaktuk, and Coppermine.
their living largely from the sea, using the fish and mammals
for both food and clothing. During the autumn and winter
months many are engaged in hunting caribou and in trapping
ermine, muskrat, white fox, etc., the pelts of which are
used in trading. They are a clever and progressive people
and good mechanics. Many own their own motor-driven

schooners, and have sewing machines, typewriters, and
other mechanical equipment.

They secure

Indian Population

— 1916 1924 1929 1934 1939 1944
ALBERTA AGENCIES No. No. No. No. No, No.
MORENO 2 ares a hel ce ene 1,004 1,261 1,333 1,425 1,541 1,320
BeseuCave bake yer Gees | ie a 2,115 2,447 2,866 2,821 3,238 2,967
‘Rothe See osieam snes gst te eee OS eee 3,119 3,708 4,199 4,246 4,779 4,287
‘British Corumsia AGENCIES -
BARTS espe cv 1,901 1,843 2,018 2,015 2,100 2,111
SUEY (Ciel na drat fot ae eee eee pee ee 1,526 1,119 1,236 1,330 1,464 1,565
JHGSISI TIO, a nce Ga ge cae ea 340 376 374 305 323 301
ccm Chalortee ee cries sac i ee 595 645 691 741 790 846
Peon eee See in, se ee on 1,834 2,290 2,217 2,208 2,341 2,636
SSUES 5 2 3c bo. ue ea ae ere es eee 638 753 763 842 778 637
SUAVE LEIS 2 5 tin RO te i ee ee 1,411 1,358 1,618 1,582 1,666 1,799
TRCUEL eS Ss oa or ene ie pee Eee 8,245 8,384 8,917 9,023 9,462 9,895
Norruwesr Territories AGENCIES
INGE INGER... cols meaty eae aan pe eee AN 1,259 1,235 1,258
LOTS SSIES Sa i ee a eg meme ee 4,455 4,338 3,988 1,058 1,057 930
HOR IRGLOWINGS. 9 5 5 pars ee eae a ge eter seme eRle 1,450 1,376 1,439
ANGLE hore et eee ea 4,455 4,338 3,988 3,767 3,668 3,627
Yukon

SAO oc eRe Sa a me ge 1,528 1,456 1,264 1,359 1,550 1,531-
GRANDRILODAL en ceint- Wee mee tte Se 17,347 17,886 18,368 18,395 19,459 19,340

3681—11