' ,; I ' The Aleza Lake Experiment Station (1920's and 1930's) - ' / '. " I, - ' The Aleza Lake ·Experiment Station (1920's and 1930's) . I I by Ralph Schmidt < February 1993 ,. ,• \ ' / ' ." / The Pioneers Citation · I• Schmidt, R.L. 1992. The Ale~a Lake Experiment Statiort (1920's .' and 1930's), B.C. Min. ror. Miscellaneous Report, \ Co-published by t}le B.C. Ministry of Forests, Research Branch 1 and the Forest History Association of British Colu~bia. ~opies of this report may/be obtained, depending on supply, · ~m: I r / ' Research Branch' B.C. Ministry of Forests 31 Bastion Square Victoria, British Columb1a 1 V,8W 3E7 / ) ' Co~er photo: Aleza Lake Experiment Station camp in 1925. · Removal of logs and debris still in progress. ) Bob St. Clair and his horse Nellie, Bull River, B.C., 1913. In 1923, as Assistant Chief Forester, Bob St. Clair recommended the establishment of two forest experiment stations. _Within a year the Aleza Lake Experiment Sfation w.a s established. -, '' r Acknowledgments I M' ( any individuals provided i~forrnation and photographs of the past to make this report possible. All but the following have been acknowledged in the text of this report:·· Alf Bamford, Dick St. Clair, and Beatrice McKim;ion: ·' .I , '' /_ . I .... Dr. Percy M. Barr- on his ~ay by velocipede to Aleza La!,e village in 1925. He selected the site for the experiment station, administered _its establishment, and conducfed . research there for his M.F. and Ph.D. degrees. ' ' I ' • Ill II \ .. r' • Time Line Preface 1920 his transctipt is taken from a slide presentation given by Ralph Schmidt at the annual meeting of the Northern Silviculture Committee in Prince ~orge, July 8, 1992. The . meeting marked the ,occasion of the re-opening of tlie Aleza Lake E~periment Station, now called the Aleza Lake Research Forest. · · ,' 1924 Aleza Lake Experiment Station . established . 1925' Tent camp prepared, log cabin built 1926 More building_s started, first scheduled logging . · 1927 Many active research projects, resident foreman hired ,, 1930< 1930 Local forest industry collapsed 1932 Dr. Percy Barr resigned to teach in the USA · 1933 Research Division oudget at an all-time _ , low 1934 Research activities discontinued, buildings boarded.up 1935 First year of Young Men's Forestry Training Plan (YMFTP) . , 1936 Ambitious YMFTP construction and impr~yement activities \ 1939 Research Division loses its identity 1940< - • I ' · Mr.Schmidt prefaced his talk about Aleza Lake ~th some background information: I have. prepared my talk for today in-the form of some questions which explore the beginning of Forest Experiment Stations in British Columbia and ·the people who played dominant roles in their establishment. Before I start my presentation t()day, I will first clarify a few points, and then provide a synopsis .of my background in fo~est history. I First, the information for my talk today is based upon some of, the material that I have accumulated for a m'fjor report on Ithe history·of the Research . · Branch. This report is not yet completed. So far 'l have conce'f,trated on, the 1920's and 1930's b~cause there are still a few survivors of that era, and I want to ensure that their stories (Lre not taken with them. · Consequently I will not be saying much about the ldst · 50 yea(is. All but one of the s.Zides I will show are from the period, 1925 to 1936. · , Second, I never worked at the Aleza Lake Experiment Station, so I have po first-h~nq information. My sources of information are a variety of reports and records an,d, especially, old-timers· who. are still around. L lV T . Third and last, with so many young people in thi§ audience today, I'm quite sure that most of you have already categorized me as an old-timer. If so, ,_ .V . ~ you are dead wrong! My definition of an old-timer is so~eone older than me, in fact by at least 15 years. · Would you believe that the oldest surv]vor who workep. amt was stuck for a Spea:ker. , ·· My presentation of the Cowichan Lake report was well received, and ·a ff.ecision was made for joint publication. At the close of the meeting, Dr. Ted Baker asked me if I was interested in preparing a report on the history of the Resep.rch Branch, and I agreed without question. Three .years previously I had shied away from 'the same request. / ' The ranks of.the old-timers are gradually but steadily thinning out. This continuity with our past will eventually fade away completely. Consequently !..have gone (o great le,ngths to obtain as 'much detail as possible on the early history· of the Ale~a Lake Experiment Station. n~ I realb could not turn him down. We ha.d been , friends for pver 45 years, studied. together at UBC, lpOrked-together as students in Forest S~rveys, I · , boarded together in Victoria, and also curled together. ' , Moreover, as Chief Forester, Bill had been very · supportive of the' Research Division wlien I was the Director. How could I say no? ·· in some strange places, and was successful in identifying , that person. Then I stumbled upon several new sources of ·information and photographs from the 1930's and' 1940's. I also got excellent cooperq,tion from old-timers who were ' interested in ·preserving the past. I had fina lly discovered the 'fun' part of this new hobby, and became well hooked on forest history. · I - Some of these old-timers are -~till blessed with remarkable memories. With gentle prodding from me they have recalled details which they have not thought about for many decades. This has helped me in many ways, particularly in tracing the whereabouts of survivors who , left the B.C. Forest Service nearly 60 years ago. For this help I owe much to Dr. Braham Griffith, Cedric Walker, Jim Curtis and, Dick Spilsbury. I felt obliged to accept, but I regarded the project as a chore to be completed as soon as possible I ' perhaps one.week on research pnd two weeks on . writi'rLg. But a month after starting this prpject I . . became a7?- enthusiast of forest hr,storry. Here's what happened to !7'1,e. I ha,d become intrigued about the identity of the person responsible for origir,,ating the · You~g Men's Forestry Training Plan which played • · such a crucu,zl role in det(lrmining the future of the ' Cowichan Lake Experiment Station. I poked around. -f 1 Schmidt, R.L. 1992. Tl)e history ofCowichan Lake Research Station. B.C. Min. For., Victoria, B.C. Miscellaneous Report! Vl ' Vll ·1 • / I The Aleza Lake Experiment Station 'During the 1920's and 1930's . . - W ' . ho introduced the concept of forest experiment stations ip. the B.C. Forest Service? He was a forester, born and educated in the USA, who' came to . British Columbia in 1912 equipped with a Civil Engineering degree from Idaho, as well as a Masters in Forestry, from Michigan. Before c:.oming to British Columbia, Bob St. Clair had worked in Natio·n al Forests in Montana' and Idaho and had ·. some knowledge of Forest Experiment Stati<1ns estaolished by ' the U~S. Forest Service. · · H~ started working for the B.C. Forest Service in 1918 and ' rose quickly through the ranks to become Assistant Chief Forester in 1923. In October of that year he wrote a four-page report which addressed the need for forest research. He . identified the need for a strong research pn;>gram headquartered in Victoria. (At that time there were only two ·. full-time researchers in"the B.C. Forest Service, and there was no Research Division.) St. Clair also recommended that the 1 B.C.F.S. fqllow the example of the U.S. Forest Service by establishing, a Forest Experiment Station in each of the principal forest regions: 1 /, ' ' ' As a start along this policy I would suggest the establishment of two stations, one to be located on the southern coast, and the other in the northern interior 'along the Grand Trunk Railway. I think that this explanation answers the:first question satfafa:ctorily, but before we go on to the next question I 'VOuld like to mention a second reason why Bob St. Clair could claim another distinction. He was the only member of the B.C. Forest Service who served as Assistant Chief ·Forester more than ence. In fact he did it three times. He became Assistant Chief Forester in 1923, 1926, and 1946 . . ' ' • But that's another story in itself. We'd better get on with the next question. · I I ( \ . • I 1 { wal the driving force behind the plannJng and W, hodevelopm~nt of Aleza Lake 1fxperiment Station? I • . Research Division when it was established iD 1927. He also conducted research at Aleza and used the data for his theses at Yale (M.J:'. in 1925 and Ph.D. in 1929). Although Percy Barr had just graduated as a forest engineer from UBC iri May 1924, and despite the fact that he had po ' ,previous experience as a researcher, he played a key role in the selection of the AiE_!za Lake Experiment Station, and in the ' ' , planning and supervising of its development. In May of 1924; Barr started field: work on t4e Aleza Lake reserve.' He established sample plots with the help of Harold McWilliams and J cihn Harvie. Barr also visited-aU nearby sawmills to - 1 become familiar ~ith their lo'g Tequirements. Upon Barr's / recommendations, the assistant Chief Foreste_r1 St. 'Clair, requested C.D. Orchard (who worked with Forest Surveys) and J.M. Gibson (DistFict: Forester, Prince George) to jointly draw up pr,oposed ,boundaries for the station. • What were the resear~h priorities at Aleza? There were two main objectives: · • to demonstrate sustained yield forest ry at a practical'~ level; and ' • In order to Begin the establishment of a demonstration . fore.s t, an accurate forest inve11,tory was essential. A four-man ~urvey crew tackled the job in 1925: Cedric Walker, Eric 'Garman, Ken M;cCannel and John Dawson. Cedric came to I , Aleza' Lake as a lad of 17 after completing his first year at the College of Forestry, University of Washington . .Cedric has been a big help in establishing our linkages with these early days. During the past s'ix months: ! have spent many enjoyable hours listening of the past. . .to, some great stories . 1 It is sJmewhat surprising that Barr was given so ~uch responsibility immediately upon graduation. However, B,arr had demonstrated leadership talent at an early age. He had joined the Canadian Infantry in 1915 at the age of 18 and at the ·end 9f the war he ~merged as an officer in the,Royal Flying · · Corps: / ', . ' Percy·Barr. had also demonstrated leadership talent in the Forest Surveys Division. Each summer while attending UBC he worked in a Forest Surv~y fielq party. After only three . surilmers' experience he was promoted to Party Chief of a 12-man crew. Jn the history of the Forest Surveys Division (Inventory), only.one other'individual became a' party chief · while still an undergrfl:duate, and then it was after 10 field ' seasons. In fact, there were instances where graduate foresters with 5 to 10 years of field experience never did get to be a party ehief. ' ,1 At 27 years of age, Barr was .older than the ·average grad1:1.ate, since his university training had been delayed by the . war. So, although he was a brand new graduate in 1924, he was not exactly wet behind the ears. I 1 Barr attacked the job at •Aleza with energy and enthusiasm and so impressed his superiors that he was made head of tlie 2 to conduct research, especially of factors influencing · natural regeneration after logging. ·' Joe Gerlitzki and team of horses clearing the campsite in 1925. I The 1925 survey crew (Cedric Walker, Ken' McCanne~ John Dawson and Eric Garman). Percy Barr wasted no time in placing Aleza Lake Experiment Station on th~ map. By the fall of 1925 there were sufficient tent facilities to accommodate and feed over 40 ,people. In October, a training sch.ool was hel~ for the rangers of the, Prince Rupert arid Fort George forest districts. Instruction was provided··by Percy Barr and Ernest ·Manning, as well as the District Foresters of the two northern forest districts. 3 '' • , The pace of activities at Aleza Lake was stepped up during the summer·of 1926. The forest inventory was completed by two recent . forestry graduates, ·Frred Elley and Joe Falconer, assisted by two compa:ssmen·. · ,I '1 Over the next four years, the .Aleza Lake station became a hive of activity as a cons~quence of Barr's ability to generate support. The Research Division staff was tripled and the funding allocation increased to tq.e°'·point where it equalled that of the Dominion Forest Service research budget for all. of Canada: Here is a short list of the activities at Aleza in those hectic days: ' 4 . ' • Several substantial buildings were erected to acc9mmodate operations and staff and to provide lab and office facilities. \ • The main road was improved to a satisfactory standard. . I ' • A soil survey was completed_by R. Fi.5her. • A resident statfon foreman, Ray Sansom, was hired. In 1926, his /irst ·s ummer at AL.E.S., Braham Griffith assisted in several research projects: He is shown here using an increment borer to obtain the age of a . spnuce tree. • George Barnes, a forest mensurationist, along with Braham Griffith's help, est~blished permanent sample plots in mature spruce-balsam forests. Griffith studied root ,· · development of white spruce ,regene'r~tion, and Barr Logging commenced according to pl~n (in the winter of 1926/27, 1 :q1illion board feet was logged). ·1 • A fire1lookout was prepared. '· The year 1926 also witnessed the initiation of several more 'research projects. In 1926 Eric Garman (left), assisted by Fin McKinnon, studied natural regeneration on cutovers near AL.E.S. A model-A Ford was the primary transportation. worked on his studies of factors influencing natural · regeneration .of spruce. Incidentally, Dr. Griffith eventually spent inore time at Aleza Lake than any other re·s earcher during tqe 1920's and 1930's. He worked there from 1926 to 1934, with the exception of one year when illness p;evented fhim from making his annual trek. l I A lean-tc was added tc ,the log cabin i.n 1926. ' Perey Barr and his wife did the shingling job. , Barr was enthusiastic about his ongoing postgraduate studies at Yale, and / he strongly influenced Joe , . Falconer to follow in his · footsteps. Falconei: went. to Ya:le and eam~d his M.F. in 1929 and his Ph.D. in 1932. I realize that I am digressing here, but I must tell you1 about Joe Falconer. He lives in Victoria and is probably the oldest forester in Canada. He is looking forwa~d to his 99th birthday in three months. This survivor of many career:; ret~red at the age of 93. \.. • A small nursery was established. ' • Additional research projects were established (including studies in forest pathology by Professor Frank Dickson at UBy). \ • Ranger training fOurses were held each fall. I • \ , · 5 I • • . ' The station was a busy place in 1~29, with a staff of 17. Professor Frank Dickson demonstrating his tonsorial skill on Eric Garman (1927). A Douglas-fir veteran on the ridge _above the camp was converted to a forest fire loo/tout. ' '1 I \· A tent camp prepared for a ranger meeting in 1929. ' ) The cookhouse during the winter of 1927 /28. Ray Sansom, the station foreman, and'family lived on the station ye?r:round. \ ,· I I · ,· • A good time was had, by all at the wind-up of the 1929 ranger meeting. ' I I ' in 1927. The Sansom family )/ ,, 6 .( 7 ' r, I r •• • n did research activities collapse at Aleza Lake, W he. and why~ / Applied f?cience a:t UBC on the for~stry curricJ1um at the · University. Barr conducted a study and made recommendations -which were taken seriously. His contributions were recognized, and in 1945 he 'was acknowledged by UBC with an honourary ' . Doctor of Science degre~. . · , The first omen of trouble appeared during the winter of . , 1927/28 when the local sawmill folded after logging only one . fifth of the prescribed annual cut at the. station. As a . consequence, the plans ·for creating a demonstration sustained · yield forest were threatened. Over the next couple of years, Bari; tried desperately to resurrect logging operations, and even · settled for a much smaller cut in 1929/30. However, the depression soon caused the complete collapse of the local forest industry and gave the kiss of death to the concept of a demonstration sustained yield forest. · ., The depression alsohad an equally devastating effect on the Research Division as a whole ..As research funding decreased, an exodus of staff occurred, and the researchers scattered to the four winds. ' - ' I, There is no way that we can assess what accomplishrn.ent~ · . Barr might have achieved, had he chosen to ride out the depression in the Research Divisioi:i1 But we do knQw that' Barr was an enthusiastic and energetic fighter. He wouid have done his utmost to prevent the almost total disintegration of the Research Division, and its complete loss of identity which occurred in 1939. · • Braham Griffith left Aleza Lake -in 1934, and the windo'ws of .the buildings were boarded up. Only a few assessments of ·· · research plots were made over the next 10 years. ' · . \ Here are a few figures that underline this collapse at Aleza Lake: l I · · . ·· • / • From 19~6 to' 1930 the average annual research budget , for Aleza Lake, over .and above salaries was $11,400. • In 1931 the bud9.et was $2,700; in 1932, $1,900; in 1933, $125; and-in 1934, $110 (and this was probably spent on boarding up the windows). ' ' ' \ ). brought about the sudden resurgence of W. itat activity at Aleza Lake 1935? · · . I in' In 1933, Canada had 1Y2 million people on the dqle: The Dominion Governrnent was concerned about 't he possibility of civil unrest, so a national reHef program was sta,rted in 1934. The main. objective was to get young unemployed men off the stre~ts and into-felief camps scatt.e red in outlying localities . . One :hundred and twenty relief camps were set up across . Canada, with a high pe!centage in Briti~h Columbia. I , l ·1. ' ' A~ a professor,' Barr was highly regarded .at the University of California, and lie accomplished a great deal. He again·. demonstrated hi~ leadership qualities in tpe military dur1ng WW II as an intelligence officer in the U.S. Army Air Force, . where he rose to the rank of colonel. · Cliff Riley, who had been_in charge of developing Cowichan Lake Expef:iment Station, took a job' as a forest pathologist in Ottawa. Fred Elley joined a life insurance company and ended up in New York. Stig Schenstrom, who had established the first · thinning plots in British Columbia, headed for South America. Jim,Curtis left to teach forestry at Massachusetts State College. Braham Griffith accepted a teaching fellowship at the University of Washington before becoming a professor at UBC. Geor7~Barnes became a professor in forest mensuration at. University of Utan.. Jim Robert,son took on a tMching position at University of Colorado. Ray Sansom' became the ·Ranger at McBride. Percy Barr left in 1932, earlier than some of the qther researchers, to teach at the University of California (Berkeley) where he established an illustrious career. His departure was probably the most serious loss to the Research Division .. He l).ad been an 'energetic and dynamic leader. When he left, the spirit 1of the Research Division weakened considerably. By the summer of 1936 there were only two people in the Research Division, Eric Garman and Fin McKinnon. Incidentally, Barr never did sever all connections with British Columbia. In ·1936 his l!dvice was sought by the Dean of j 8 9 • \. I ' • I • I I I \ I Ten-year-old Jim Kinghorn sjtting on the dam built by the YMFTP crew for a water supply system in ·1936. I Mike Gregg instructing the YMFTP crew. I ' ' ' \ ' / ' Malcolm Knapp instructing the YM,FTP, crew. \ '• , \ A power plant was installed by the YMFTP crew in 1936. \ .. View at the camp after electrical service was installed by YMFTP crew. A manually operated pit saw was used to cut sills for .new foundations (on concrete footings) for the older buildings. Ken McCannel (a~ove) .and Malcolm Knapp (below) obviously. po~ed for tltis photo while on a visit to Aleza Lake. ' 10 11 I I These camps were operated in. a quasi-military style with I . . harsh rules, poor food and a daily pay of 20 cents. They provided ripe ground for leftist organizers, and soon all British Columbia camps were ·unionized. In April of 19~5, the relief workers left the camps, congregated in Vancouver, and ~ suBsequently started a trek to Ottawa with transportation provided by the CPR. They were stopped at ~egina and the ill- . famed Regina Riot occurred. ', By 1937 the Dominion Government was convinced that British Columbia had. a so'und relief progr~m, and a n~tional program, the Youth Forestry Training Plan, was initiated along similar lines to provide opportunities for all provinces. I Meanwhile, the Pattulo government in Victoria had . designed a milch more enlightened relief program; thanks to MLA, Hugh Savage, 'a. newspaper man from Duncan. This ,Program was tqe Young Men's Forestry Training Pr9gram's (YMF7f P). The word "Training" in the title was significant. Jim Kinghorn and his father in front of the boarded-up researcher residence, no longer in use, This plan ~ as activated in May 1935 and $90,000 ;as allocated to the B.C: Forest: Service to get on with the job. There may well have been an underlying reason for entrusting the Forest' Service to do the job. In 1932 there had been an · expose of relief camp corruption, in which the relative of a ~abinet minister had received an annual rent of $7,000 when his prope~y was used ·as a ,relief camp. . 1 UI')fortunately, the infusion cif all this money had -little \ impact upon forest research at Aleza Lake. It is signific~nt that 'the research residence was the only building at Aleza Lake th~t femained boarded up throughout the relief crew activities. i2 . Although I have not yet completed the section of my report dealing with the history of the Aleza Lake Experiment Station after 1939, I can at least provide you. with a brief synopsis of events after that date. During WW II very little ha,ppened at the station other , than some plot measurements in 1943, probably conducted by J. L. Alexander. :._ ' · · '/ · The impa,ct of the YMFTP upon the Aleza Lake Experiment Station was incredible. After a "low gear" start in ,1935, the station was allotted $11,000 in 1936. Under H.C. Kinghom's supervision, a power plant was installed and ali camp builtlings were provided with electricity. A reliable water supply system was developed for daily camp requirements and fire protection. Several new service buildings were built and older buildings were provided with mor.e permanent foundations. All buildings were painted and given minor repairs where needed. The main road wa~ improved, cribbing and culverts were installed where needed, a,nd a network of trails was construc~ed throughout theforest. World. War II sooh put a stop to relief programs, and the windows at Aleza·Lake were ag11in boaraed up, and the · whiskey jacks, porcupines·and black bears were again deprived . of cookhouse garbage. · In i945, Mickey Pogue, fresh out cif the RCAF, use~ the Aleia Lake camp as.-a base while studying regeneration of white spruce after logging. The station w,~s used during the summers of 1948 and 1949 as a base camp for,Forest Survey field crews. 1 l '' ' I . I • Also in 1949, a resident research forester, Larry de Grace, was appointed ;to reactivate the station for research purposes. In that year, Al Fra~er used the camp as headquarters for a study of residual stands following tree-length logging. In 1952, Tim Decie replaced de Grace. There was much activity at ,Neza, including studies of alternative harvesting methods, scarification trials, forest nursery and natural re'g eneration. All of this came to an abrupt end when a decision was made to close the station because of funding limitations~On December 11, 1963, buildings that could not be relocated • ·, . elsewhere were destroyed by fire. The station was abandoned, the only -activity being the remeasurement of permanent sample plots by a few dedicated staff members such as Harry Coates. · Important Players in the History of · Aieza Lake Experiment Station· .· If there is any lesson to be learned from the past, it ~ust be in the area ,of research funding commitments. Alexander, J.L. I I don't know whether the allocation of funds for resE:arch has changed significantly since I retired 10 years ago. In n;_iy day it was always neces~ary to scrounge for funds from sources -Outside the Research Division. , / ,• 1:lamford, A.R. Barnes, G.H. - was a forest mensurationist in the Research Division, B.C. Forest Service, 1926-1936 , . Barr, P.M. ~ in charge of Research Division, B.C. . . I ... · i Coates, H.G. Curtis, J:D. ' . I I Dawson, J.C. Decie, T.P. de Grace, L.A. ,, - forest mensurationist in· Research, Division 1'921-1927 and' 1942-1951 - was the first full-ti:rpe researcher 'h ired in the B.C. Forest Service - worked at Aleza J.,ake Experiment · Station in 1936 YMFI'P crew ,- long ~areer in Reforestation Division, , B.C. For~st Service , Dickson, F. Elley,,F.W. · Forest Service, 1927-1932 ' - left B.C. to teach in the USA - forest technician in Research Division, Prince George District, since 1959 : silviculforist in Research Divisjon, B.C . ...Forest Service, 1929-1932 , , - left B.Q. to teach in the USA - temporary employee, usually on fire suppression crews in Nelson District - in charge of Aleza Lake, 1952-1964 ' - in charge of Aleza Lake, 1949-1952 - forest pathologist at UBC in the 1930's · • I · - worked in Forest Survey field parties, JllOstly as a mensurationist - left B.C. Forest Service in 1931 ~o go into · the life insurance busines·s · I . ,/ I \., 14 ' I . • I 15 , I, ' ,' .--- . Falconer, J.G. Fisher, R.A. Fraser,_AR. I . Garman, E.H. Gerlitzki, J. Gibson, J :M. Gregg, E.G. Griffith, B.G. Harvie, J.T. Kinghorn, H.C. / . '\ Kinghorn, J.1'4. · ·'- worked briefly in B.C. Forest Service: Research Division (1926) and Forest , Surveys bivision (1929) ~ a ml:!n of many careers who retired at age 9.3 - a soils expert in the Forest Survey& Division during the 192Q's ~ forest mensurationist, biometrician, and technical advisor in Research Division, 1946-1979 (retired) · - one of two reseaJ;Chers who worked continuously in the 1Research Division , during the depression , - retired in 1962, and recently celebrated his 94~h birthday - local resident involved in .preparation of the Aleia Lake campsite, cabin building and road construction ·in 1925 and 1926 _Knapp, F.M. · - a researcher.in entomology and nu.rsflry systems in the Canadian Forestry Service, 1949-1~81 ;,made available a big collection of1welldocuniented photographs taken by his .'father at 1\1.eza Lake in 1936 - provided information about his 1936 summer holiday spent at Aleza Lake - UBC forestry profess'or, 1922-1965 - gave forestry lectures at all YMFTP camps during his summer holidays ' I McCannel, KC. - in Forest Surveys Division during th~ 1920's and 1930's - was in charge of the YMFTP for .the entire provinee in 1935 and 1936 McKinnon, in the Research Division in the 1920's and 1930's · - became Deputy Minister in 1965, retired from government in 1973 V McWilliams, H.G. . - worke~ primarily in Forest Surveys ' Division from- the ~id-1920's to mid-1930's, when he took on increasing responsibilities in reforestation '" became forester in charge when Reforestation Division was established in 1946 Manning; E.G. - - was in charge of Management Division, B.C. · Forest Service when he lectured at Aleza bake - became Chief Forester in 1936 Orchard, C.D. - rose through the ranks from Forest Survey party chief (1921) to Chief Forester (1941) , ' Pickford, A.E. - silviculturist and nursery specialist in the Research,Division, 1923-1930 - was first superintendent at Green Timb~rs nursery, 1930-1936 rs. - in administration of the B.C. Forest Service in the 1920's and 1930's - left the B.C. Forest Service to become Dean, School of Fore~try, Univey'sity of New Brunswick · - in the B.C. Forest Service 1923 to late 1940's - was District Forester at P;rince George during the 1930's - in Research Division, 1926-1936 - left the B.C. Forest Service to teach at UBC . - my most reliable and prolific source of information on the early days at the Research Division - recently !!elebrated his 90th birthday - temporary 'crewman from Giscome r worked briefly for the B.C. Forest Service. - was in charge of YMFTP crew at Aleza Lake in 1936 - 17 1,6 • ., .,,.. . ' . ' ". I' ',· ) Pogue, H.M. Riley, C.G. / St. Clair, ·R.C. - mostly iii administrative work during_his . .B.C. Forest Service career, 1918-1952 Sansom,-H.R. - left assistant rangei: position to become foreman at Aleza Lake in 1927 - left Aleza Lake in 1931 to become ranger '. at McBride - Indeperulent·MLA from Duncan, 1934-1938· I·' - owned Cowichan Leader newspaper - silviculturist in Research Branch, 1929-1931 An;ierica - left B.C. to work in South ,, - soil specialist during the 1930's - became Forester-in-Charge of Research ·Division in 1951 'y / Savage, H. .; Schenstrom, S.R. Spilsbury, R.H. Walker, C:W. , ( Young, W. ..., I .,, ' ' ~ ' . I I . .... I r ' f ., ) ' I ,/ / ' J ., '\ I 18 I ', I ,_ \... I - his B_.C. Forest $ervice career was mostly in Forest Surveys Division . ;r - left the B.C. Forest Service in 1946 to become a consulting forester - - B.C. Forest Service career started in f9rest Surveys, 1949 - became Chief Forester in 1978- president Forest History Assoch:~tion of . B.C., 1988-1992 r - . ,, . - lengthy and distinguisheq career in Forest Surveys, 1927 -1942 and 1945-1960 - retired in 1976 as District Forester, . Vancouver - was in charge of developing Cowichan Lake Experiment Station, 1929-1930 - left Research Division for a ~areer as .a · · forest pathologist with the J?ominion, government ' ~ . I ,("' I _, /.