BELLS GRAHAM ISLAND 31 8B

and iron, with a large percentage of carbonaceous matter, the composition
being :—

NSTI CA aes coo ce ea. re eatin ae cud some Gere ARE oars, 44-78
JONUROAWE Ae eeu Sel oe wai re AOS AS tae a Hm ila ROI ee 36°94
Er OXEG Ox. Oe eel eee aS ee ea a gs wees 8-46
METRO ioe oa eee sr seals ee a geo ee ee traces
IMIR ONESIA Pret aqecrreie te eta ase Fare ee eee Soya Sede arenas ey
IWaibeD Serer acre eat Gin ees Coane ren ea 7°15
Carbonaceous matter ............ pene Bisel a 3°18
100-51

A similar carbonaceous shale or rock is reported by Richardson as
occurring in Wilkes’ tunnel at the Cowgitz mine. The shales and associ-
ated rocks just described as occurring in the Skidegate shore section are
continuous northward along the valley of the Honna river, probably as far
north at least as the head of Masset inlet. They also occupy the area east
of the Yakoun lake and river. West of the Cowgitz coal mine they are not
Seen except as a small basin-shaped area along the shores of Long Arm,
which extends north from Skidegate channel as a somewhat deep inlet
west of the ridge on which the Cowgitz mine is situated.

These rocks rest against the igneous rocks of the west half of the
island which rise in a great series of hills to elevations of over 4,000
feet above the sea. They continue up the west shore to about the middle
of the island, when the hills gradually die down and the rest of the area
to North island is comparatively low or broken by scattered elevations.
A similar series of hills rises east of Slate Chuck creek and include the
Slate Chuck mountains, the Nipple, Mount Genevieve, etc., with elevations
up to 3,600 feet. This area of igneous rocks terminates northward in
Mount Etheline, 2,540 feet high, situated several miles southeast of Ya-
koun lake, from the summit of which, on a clear day, an extensive view,
which includes a large portion of the northern half of the island, can be
obtained.

This high range of mountains northward from Skidegate effectually
bounds the coal formation on the west. The older or Pre-Cretaceous
portion underlies the sedimentaries, but the newer and more basic, often
basaltic portions which form a great part of the north half of the island
west of Masset inlet, are, as already indicated, probably later Tertiary, which
have invaded the stratified rocks as well as the older igneous, and have in
places spread over a wide area, though in the southern part they are con-
fined largely to dykes and outcrops of limited extent. These Tertiary vol-
eanics, west of the Masset inlet, occupy a comparatively level country,
broken here and there by high ridges, as in the area south of Naden har-
bour.

In the bed of the Honna, for several miles from the mouth,
ledges of sandstone and shale are exposed at intervals, as also along the