70 - - REPORT—1890.

the voices are heard again, and a black head is seen rising from the earth,
which brings him back.

The members of the Ts’étsa/ék'a among the Tsawatkénoq, Guau’aénogq,
and Haqua/mis are the following, arranged according to rank :—

1. Ma’mak«’a.

2. Ha’mats’a.

3. Hai/ak’antelatl (= speaker dance).

4, Hané’/qak‘ulatl induces chiefs to break coppers, to destroy pro-
perty, &e.

d). Walas’aqa’‘atl.

6. Hana‘iadalatl.

The Ma’mak:’a (= the thrower) dances with his palms laid against
one another, making motions like a swimmer. Suddenly he is supposed
to have found his magical stick, which he throws upon the bystanders.
One of them falls down, and blood flows from his head. He has been.
wounded by the Ma’mak:’a, who then extracts his stick. The latter eon-
sists of a hollow piece of wood, in which another piece slides up and
down. It is covered with skin, so that it appears as though the stick
decreases and increases in size.

The Walas’aqi/atl (=great dance from above) belonged formerly also
to the first group of tribes. It was, however, taken from them in a war.
It is somewhat related to the Tlékoa/la. Inthe dance a great wolf appears
from above. It is danced by men and women.

The Haua‘iadalatl swings a great knife. He pretends to cut his
throat at each beating of the drum.

The K-‘o’sk‘émoq, Ky’dp’énoq, Tlask’énoq, and Gua/ts’énog have the
following dances, arranged according to rank, so far as I am acquainted
with their dances :—

1. To’q’uit.

2. Ma’mak-’a.

3. Ha’mats’a.

It is stated that they acquired the Ha’mats’a from the last group,
which comprises the Tlatlasik‘oala, Nak-o’mgyilisila, Na’koartok’, and
Guasiv/la. They have two dancing seasons in winter, the first called
No'utlem, and lasting from November to about the winter solstice, and the
Ts étsa'ék'a during the following two months. During the No/ntlam the
gentes remain in force. Instead of cedar-bark, which has been dyed red,
undyed cedar-bark, instead of eagle feathers and down, feathers and down
of the cormorant are used. Songs belonging to the Ba'qus (see p. 62),
Né'nilem, and T's’étsa'ék'a are sung. There is no difference in rank of
the various members of this society. Here belong all the animals and
birds which among the Kwakiutl belong to the 1’'s’étsa’éka and also the
Ni’tlmatl and Hawi/nalatl. The Ni’tlmatl has not the same duties as
among the Kwakiutl. When the Hawi'nalatl’s ropes tear out of the flesh
he is not killed, but the conjurers heal him.

The members of the 's’étsa'ék'a are the following, according to their
rank :—

1. Ma’mak-’a.

2. Ha’mats’a.

3. O'lala (=T6’q’uit of the Kwakiutl). It contains the Ts’é’kois and
Silas.