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cal and physical changes were taking place in the accumulated
vegetable matter that caused the formation of anthracite, there
was a tendency for the pure carbonaceous substance to separate
from the iron carbonate. This separation took place by a sort
of concretionary action, causing the clay ironstone to segregate
in globular forms:

Camp Robertson.

Location. Camp Robertson is situated in the western part
of section 20, township 5. It is distant 11 miles from Queen
Charlotte, is over 11 miles from Camp Wilson, and about 3 miles
from Yakoun lake, in each case by the trail. The first prospect-
ing work of value was done in the spring of 1893, and prospecting
has been carried on at intervals to the present time. A number
of openings are the result of this work, and the coal is well ex-
posed. A topographic map of the vicinity of Camp Robertson
is given as Figure 17.

Stratigraphic Position. The measures in the vicinity of
Camp Robertson in which the coal seam occurs, are near the
middle of the Haida formation, about 200 feet below the fine-
grained, massive sandstone of the upper Haida. A good section
of the lower Haida is obtained on Wawa creek from the trail
crossing down to near its junction with Brent creek. Sections
showing the central third of the formation are exposed on Falls
and Anthracite creeks, south of Camp Robertson.

Coal Openings. The coal is exposed in a number of pros-
pect shafts, slopes, etc., the location of which is shown on the
accompanying large scale map.

These openings were made at various times from March,
1893 to the summer of 1913. <A careful examination of the more
important ones was made and two are illustrated in Figures 12
and 13.

Coal Seam. In various public and private reports, the
number of coal seams at Camp Robertson has been stated to
be from two to three, and the estimates of the thickness of the
individual seams also vary. In the investigation now reported
on, the writer had the pleasure and advantage of the co-operation
of Dean Milnor Roberts; and our careful measurements and ex-
aminations have proved beyond reasonable doubt that there is
only one coal seam exposed in the present openings.