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reached bedrock, as there seemed to be large masses of slide rock near the
bottom of the hole and the next hole higher up was considerably deeper.
Three lines of bore-holes near the mouth of Beggs gulch have been recently
put down by Mr. Thorne, Alfred Brown being the driller. Mr. Thorne
states that the average depth was about 85 feet and that the borings showed
some gold. A line of bore-holes was also put down by Mr. Thorne about
300 feet above the old sawmill site at the mouth of California creek where
the valley flat is about 1,000 feet wide. The first hole alongside the road
was a little over 100 feet deep and showed gold in the gravels for 24 feet
above bedrock. Another near the centre of the valley was 147 feet deep
and did not reach bedrock. It showed a trace of gold. There is apparently
no boulder clay in the section bored, the materials being loose and porous
gravels, sand, and silt of glacial origin.

The borings in this part of Antler valley show that there is a bedrock
basin in the bottom of the valley in the part opposite the mouths of Wolfe
and California creeks, and that there is no outlet from the basin. Borings
in Cunningham pass show that the bedrock in the channel is at least 100 feet
above the level of the bedrock in the Antler channel, so that there can be no
outlet in the direction of the pass, and that the bedrock in the bottom of
Antler valley off the mouth of Beggs gulch is at least 15 feet higher than the
bedrock in the wide part of the channel, off the mouth of Wolfe creek. The
present creek has a fall of 47 feet in this distance. The presence of the rock
basin in the bottom of the channel shows that the valley bottom was prob-
ably deepened in places through erosion by a small glacier that lay in the
valley; the narrowness of the rock valley in the lower part, however, shows
that it was formed by stream erosion. If the valley has been overdeepened
in places by ice-erosion, as seems probable, there could be no preglacial
gravels in the bottom of it, and, therefore, no preglacial pay-streak. The
pay-streak that exists in it must be glacial or interglacial in age and, there-
fore, is not likely to be very rich.

Cunningham Pass

This pass (Figure 9) extends east from Antler creek opposite the mouth
of Stevens creek, to Cunningham Creek valley, which drains towards the
east into Swamp River valley. The pass is so low that a ditch at one time
carried a part of Antler water across it for use at the Bear hydraulic on
Cunningham creek. Another pass known as Whiskey flat, through which
Antler creek at one time flowed, joins Cunningham pass on the south side.
The only bedrock outerop in the bottom of the valley is near the lower end
at the Bear dam, where a washout exposed the rock. At this point, however,
the valley is wide and it is possible that the ground is deeper beneath the
drift hill on the south side. The surface deposits in the valley bottom
consist in part of Recent alluvium, but are mostly glacial deposits. A small
moraine occurs near the upper end where irregular basins in the drift are
occupied by ponds. Morainic deposits also occur near the mouth of
Ninemile creek. The valley flat has been partly formed by Recent stream
and swamp deposits, but these have no great thickness. A delta in which
the present stream has entrenched itself occurs at the mouth of Ninemile
creek, and Cunningham Pass creek has cut a deep, narrow channel through