18 REPORT— 1890.

cannot use a middle-class name, a middle-class man cannot use a noble-
man’s name. Here are a few examples :—
Stsa/figes nobility names :

Males: gtci’tlem, Enqa/im, Tilsk’4/inkm.
Females: gupQoa’p, Ts’Elé’qoya.
Tcik‘au’ate common men: Ctca’satl, Ham.

T was unable to ascertain the derivation of any of these names.

Common people may rise tothe rank of the middle class by giving feasts,
but middle-class people can never become noblemen. Wealth gives per-
sonal distinction only, not inheritable rank. The children of middle-
class people are born common people. In order to raise their rank their
parents or uncles give a feast, and distribute a certain amount of property in
their behalf. By this means they become middle-class people, and are given
a middle-class name. There is a complete scale of names, each being higher
in rank than the other. By giving a number of festivals the child’s rank
can be raised higher and higher, until it obtains a high position among the
middle class. In the same way the children of noblemen are given names
of chiefs of higher and higher rank. The nobility have the privilege of
dancing with masks.

The Lku‘figen gentes have no crests, particularly not the Sqoa/éqoé,
which belongs to a number of tribes of the Coast Salish; the Catlo’ltq,
Snanai’mug, K:oi/ntlem, and probably several others. In one house in
Victoria the mink (fig. 4) is found carved on the upright. It does not
belong, however, to the Lku’figrn, but the owner’s wife, who belongs to a
Cowitchin family, gave it to her husband when they were married. The
couple have an only daughter, who will inherit this crest.

The chief of the tribe (sié’m) belongs, of course, to the nobility.
When giving a great ‘ potlatch ’ to his own and neighbouring tribes, which
is his privilege, he stands on a scaffold which is erected in front of his
house and lets his daughter or son dance by his side before distributing
the property. The elevation of the scaffold may be seen in fig. 2. In
case of war, chiefs are forbidden to fight in the front ranks, but are care-
fully protected, as their death would be considered a severe loss to the
tribe.

After the death of the chief the chieftaincy devolves upon his eldest
son. If he has none his younger brother and his descendants succeed
him.: A daughter or a son-in-law cannot succeed him. The new chief
takes the name of the deceased, and when doing so has to give a great
festival.

In war a war-chief is elected from among the warriors. War expeditions
are confined to nightly assaults upon villages. Open battles are avoided.
An expedition on which many men are lost, even if successful in its
object, is considered a great misfortune to the tribe. Fires are burnt on
mountains to notify distant villages or individuals that some important
event has taken place.

Slaves were held by all classes. They were either captives or pur-
chased from neighbouring tribes.

If a man has offended a foreign tribe, all members of his own tribe are
liable to be seized upon, being held responsible for all actions of any one
member. Therefore it is considered condemnable to offend a member of
a foreign tribe, and when, for instance, a man has stolen something from
a foreign tribe, and is found out by his own people, the chief will compel him