32 ‘Where the Blackwater resumes its westward course it breaks through a range of high hills, which cross it with a nearly north and south direction. Its valley here becomes narrow and rocky, though seldom precipitous, and has been called the Upper Blackwater Canyon. On approaching the hills from the west the surface becomes more broken and much angular rock débris derived from them is mingled with the drift. From the eastern slope of the hill, where the Bella Coola trail commences its descent, after having reached an elevation of nearly 1,000 feet above the river, an extensive and apparently nearly level plain is seen to stretch eastward. It includes the country lying north of the Blackwater, about the southern sources of the Chilaco, and is bounded only by the mountains beyond the Fraser River, at a distance of twenty miles. Where crossed by the location line its average elevation is 2,660 feet, and it has all the appear- ance of a region either underlaid by a soft or little disturbed formation or levelled up with a great thickness of drift. On descending to the plain the growth of the timber is found to improve much, and groves of large Douglas fir frequently occur. The surface is generally undulating, with a sandy or clayey soil, with moist hollows supporting large alders, and might be valuable agriculturally in some places, if not too high. The valley of the Blackwater is now of great size, and depressed at least 300 feet below the general level of the country. It is usually flat-bottomed, terraced along the sides in some places, and densely wooded, few good meadows appearing. It retains this character to the erossing place of the old Telegraph Trail, a distance of six miles. Below the bridge at th> crossing is the Lower Blackwater Canyon, where the river again breaks through older disturbed rocks and flows for some distance between perpendicular rocky cliffs more than 100 feet in height. I succeeded in getting from the bridge, eastward, to within about six miles from the junction of the Blackwater with the Fraser. The valley does not again open out, and hard rocks frequently occur near the margin cf the river. As seen from the Fraser River, it has the same gorge-like character at its mouth. West of the bridge there is a very fine display of terraces at many different levels, which, near the canyon, successively approach the river and contract the valley. “From Blackwater Bridge to Fort George the direct trail, which crosses the plateau and ridges lying between the Fraser and Chilaco Valley, in a nearly parallel direction, at a few miles’ distance. Twelve miles north of the Blackwater is Pun-chaw Lake, a pretty sheet of water nearly two miles in length, which, according to the Indians, dis- charges south-eastward into the Blackwater. The intervening country is gently undu- lating, but becomes hilly toward the lake, and is thickly covered with scrub pine and Dougles fir of medium size. Passing for fourteen miles further northward over a succession of mounds and ridges, probably for the most part composed of drift, a small running stream is reached, which, the Indians say, rises in two large lakes to the north-east, called Chus-wuz, and, after joining two other streams west of the trail, flows westward into the Chilaco. Four miles beyond the brook is a very prominent rocky hill, called Tsa-whuz, of which the probable height, by a single aneroid observation, is 3,240 feet, and which rises about 800 feet above the surrounding country. From its summit a very extensive view was obtained. Stretching eastward to the Fraser River is a triangular area of low and nearly flat land, but in all other directions the surface is broken by hillocks and ridges. The whole country is forest-clad, mostly with coniferous trees of small or medium growth, but many limited patches of aspen poplar were very apparent from their bright autumnal tint. Tsa-whuz, though when viewed from the south appearing conical, slopes gently away northward, its longest axis being N. 60° W. (Mag.) in direction. Besides the more prominent ridges, the general surface of the country is lumpy, the longer axes of all the elevations and depressions lying approxi- mately north and south. This is especially apparent in the region immediately south of the mountain, where small ridges run 8. 1° E., and are very closely packed, the valleys between them being steep and narrow. These minor elevations also very generally show a ‘crag and tail’ form, the longer slopes being, like that of the mountain itself, north- ere In some cases small surfaces of rock appear, but in general only drift material seen. . “Tins Country around Forr Grorce. “Six miles northward of Tsa-whuz the trail passes about a mile west of a larce lake, known to the Indians as Nads-il-nich. Five miles farther on the brook flowing from this lake to the Chilaco is crossed, and in eleven miles Fort George, at the Cou fluence of the Fraser and Nechaco Rivers, is reached. After crossing inereecond of two prominent ridges, which lie one on either side of Lake Nads-il-nich, and run nearly