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channel from the level of the lower tunnel would be 225 feet. As already
stated such an estimate may be quite misleading, but it is probable that
the depth is at least 225 feet. A third tunnel, known as the Foch tunnel,
was run into the bank opposite Brown’s cabin in search of a buried channel,
but did not reach bedrock. Tunnels were also run, in the early days, into
the bank at the head of Tucker lake.

The gold obtained from the deep channel of Jack of Clubs creek
is worth about $17 an ounce. It is fairly coarse and occurs for the most
part on bedrock. The gravels as seen on the dumps of the old mines are in
part similar to the “flat wash” typical of many of the mines in the area
where rich gold-bearing gravels were mined, and contain numerous pebbles
of barytes and other heavy rocks and minerals. Partly cemented gravels
occur on bedrock in several of the properties and contain some gold. In
the McDougall mine there is a very little cemented gravel on bedrock,
most of the material on bedrock consisting of clayey, glacial gravels, with
an occasional large boulder. It seems probable that the reason why the
gold lead was not continuous and was markedly “patchy” in character is
that the old gold-bearing gravels were eroded in places by ice action and
replaced by glacial gravels, which contain only a part of the original gold
deposited in the valley, and were enriched only slightly, if at all, by gold
derived by glacial erosion of the bedrock. The main reason why Jack of
Clubs creek was so poor in gold as compared with Williams creek must, of
course, be that the gold-bearing veins from which the gold was derived are
fewer in the basin of the creek than in the basin of Williams creek. The
effects of glaciation in removing the old pay-streak were also more pro-
nounced in Jack of Clubs creek, because the main flow of the valley glacier
coming from mount Agnes was down this valley.

The high channel along the northeast side of the lower part of the
creek has attracted considerable attention. Two shafts, one of which was
50 feet deep, but not to bedrock, are reported to have been sunk in it in
1877. Other shafts near the upper end were sunk later and a tunnel was
run on Slate Creek tributary to the channel. Only a little gold was found,
however, and no extensive mining was attempted except at the lower end,
where mining development work was carried on from 1901 to 1904 by the
Discovery Gold Mining Company of British Columbia, a New York
Company of which Raymond E. Dodge was president and L. A. Bonner
general manager. The property included the Discovery (real estate)
claim of 30 acres and two 80-acre leases, the total frontage on the creek
being about 3 miles. Bore-holes were put down to determine the depth
of the ground near the lower end of the channel. A tunnel about 600 feet
long was run and a shaft sunk at the end of it. Some gold was found in
running the tunnel and in the lower part of the channel, but apparently
not sufficient to pay and work was discontinued. Although the channel
appears to be an old channel of Jack of Clubs creek, because it continues
through to the valley of the creek above the canyon, it is too narrow to
have carried the main drainage from the valley. It may have been formed
by a small stream flowing in the same direction as the present stream, the
headwaters of which were captured by Jack of Clubs creek. Alternatively,
Slate creek may have flowed, at one time, southeast into Jack of Clubs