ON THE NORTH-WESTERN TRIBES OF CANADA.

| Kwakiutl ! Heiltsuk
H
strike (singular) strike (plural) | _ kill (singular) Kill (plural)
gya' gen |

him! wmin?'tashikun

(near speaker)

us!  min’e'tas gyd'qenuq
them! same as singular

|
me! min’'tas gyd/qen minttinda'ogelas |\Elqausen'tla airlgause'ntla

minitinda' ogelas- | Elqausét'hkiku  \aizlqausé'hiku
hihn &e.
— |nlgansz'ntlintk aizlqause'ntlinth

— || ainlqause’ hk iku winlgansée!hikn

let me feed thee ! hamgytlalasentlitl, K.
let me feed you! hamgytladaoglasentlitl, K.
let us feed thee! hamgytlala'senoqitl, K.
let us strike him, them! miwitasentsak-, K.
let us kill him ! Elqause'ntské, H.
let us kill them ! aiglqanse'ntské, H.
An interrogative exists in both dialects, but it has not become quite clear to me:
dost thou eat ? hamsa'sa ? H.
does he (near pers. addr.) eat ? hamsa'eugtsa ? H.
do you eat ? haia'msns? H,

One of the most important characteristics of the verb is that, whenever it is
accompanied by an adverb, the latter is inflected, not the verb:

=-/

I do not eat, kyéd'snogua ha'msa, H.
he did not(1) say(2) so, hyé'stku(1) né'kya(2), K.

In the case of transitive verbs the adverb takes the ending corresponding to the
intransitive verb, the verb retains the incorporated object. Thus the adverb
assumes the character of an auxiliary verb. In some cases the object is treated in

the same way:

we see (2) all (1) of them, dgya’muntk‘ (1) dokola'kaé (2), H.

Mr. Hall does not enter into this subject very fully, and the following notes
will, for this reason, be welcome. The analysis of words of the Kwakiutl language

FORMATION OF WORDS.

is very easy. A great number of nouns occur in two separate forms, independent

and dependent.

Whenever such a noun occurs in connection with another word it

is incorporated in the latter. So far as I am aware, only suffixes occur in Kwakiutl.
A number of these nouns signify classes, for instance tree, female. Locative suffixes
are found in very great numbers. Adjectives and verbs are also incorporated. I
give a list, arranged alphabetically:

about, here and
there

along

always

among’

arm, upper

—wuilila,’ K. tlé' kwilila, moving about.
li'kuilila, camping here and there.
—ntala, K. along round object : composed with —niits, side
of—, hk:a'tsntitsentala,i to walk along round
object.

along flat object : composed with —zngq, edge
of—, ka'tsengentdla, to walk along flat
object.
—tl, K. ama'qulatl, always giving away blankets.
bagbaku'latl, always eating human flesh.
—dak-a, K. H. nEgak-a'la, to pull out of full box, K. (ie,
from among.
ma'k:ak‘a, to throw among, H.
—stapé, K. H.  dastapé', upper arm, K. H.
tVétstdpe’, skin of upper arm, K.

Ruk utsta'pé, skin of upper arms, H.

1 The —/a in this and several others is probably a verbal suffix.

H 6