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latter may commonly be identified by the particularly numerous, long talus
slides that commence as thin points high above timber-line and widen
downwards to coalesce near the valley bottoms.

Deposits of Recent calcareous tufa were noted on Fumar Creek
near its Junction with Omineca River, about a mile north of the mouth of
Yuen Creek, and on the west side of Ominicetla Creek about west-southwest
of Axelgold Peak. The tufa is mostly soft and porous, and grey, creamy,
buff, or rusty brown, and is composed of layers commonly less than + inch
thick, some in pale brown, compact, paper-thin layers. It consists of
calcium carbonate, mixed with a little iron oxide, and has been deposited
at the present surface by cold springs or seepages, with the simultaneous
release of carbon dioxide gas. On Fumar Creek tufa forms a cone about
8 feet high, in the top of which is a dry kettle-like depression, 5 feet in
diameter and 5 feet deep, that marks the outlet of a former spring. Carbon
dioxide still emanates from the bottom of this kettle, and issues as tiny
bubbles from cold, odourless springs that partly surround the base of the
cone. This deposit is locally and erroneously known as the Big Kettle
fumarole.