14 CANADIAN PACIFIC RAILWAY

Kaslo on the west shore of Kootenay Lake is the distributing point
for the important silver-lead mines of Slocan District. The town has a
beautiful situation on a plateau overlooking the lake. The buildings are
of a good class, and include several churches school houses, hotels, banks,
etc. The population is about 1,500.

Ymir is a flourishing mining town on the Salmon River. The Ymir
mine operates the largest gold saving plant in the province having 80
stamps, two crushers, 24 Frue vanners and six cyanide leachers. Several
other mines in the vicinity of the town are being developed.

On its way from Castlegar down the Columbia, the railway passes
close by one of the most interesting and successful communal colonies
that exist in the province, being that of the

DOUKHOBORS.

The name given the settlement is Waterloo. Here these remarkable
people have acquired 2,800 acres of what was well timbered land, and are
doing a marvellous agricultural work. In 1908 they planted 2,200 trees
from nursery stock, and of seedlings there was in early 1909 a plantation
of 18,000 trees, with a further order on hand for 10,000 more. They have
commodious buildings in connection with their colony and appear to be
making a great success of their chosen way.

These people also have a second, smaller colony near Grand Forks,
where, amongst other industries, they are engaged in brick making.

THE BOUNDARY.

West of the Kootenay lies the Boundary country, which forms the
extreme southern part of Yale District. It is about 40 miles from east
to west, and extends for 50 miles north from the International Boundary.
The character of the district, while varied, is not very different from that
of other parts of the great interior plateau of British Columbia, save that
the highest elevations seldom exceed 5,000 feet. Most of the hills are
wooded to their summits, with open slopes, facing south, east and west
plentifully carpeted with bunch grass, a natural beef producer, while the
valley offers excellent openings for farming and fruit growing, the higher
benches requiring irrigation. The climate is mild and healthful, presenting
no extremes of heat or cold. The snowfall in the valleys is light and
spring opens early. The winter is confined to eight or ten weeks of frosty
weather, the mercury occasionally falling below zero, but the cold is not
extreme nor protracted. The summers, like those of the Kootenays,
are warm without being oppressive, and the nights are always cool. The
atmosphere is clear, the prevailing condition being bright sunshine both
winter and summer, and the air is crisp, dry and bracing. The average
rainfall is 10.8 inches and the snowfall 2 inches, making a total precipita-
tion of about 17 inches.

A BRIGHT FUTURE.

Three lines of railway are now projected traversing the Boundary
and even with present transportation facilities the farmers are thriving
and steadily growing rich. The numerous mining camps scattered over
the countryside, the logging camps, lumber mills, and smelters provide
markets at the very farm gate, indeed it is almost a rule for the buyer to
seek the market, thus reversing the order prevailing in older countries,
and the prices are, to say the least, satisfactory, for instance, oats range
from $30.00 per ton; potatoes $20.00; hay $25.00; beef cattle, 314 to
4 cents per pound, live weight; hogs, live weight, 7 cents; eggs average
30 cents; butter, 25 to 30 cents per pound, and the prices are advancing.¢