southern exposure and a conifer association on slopes with a
northern exposure are characteristic of the lands adjoining lakes,
even the small ones, in much of central British Columbia.

; Waterfowl were more plentiful than in any of the regions
hitherto described, and several lakes held relatively large popu-
dations. On August 4 an early autumn migration of sparrows was in
progress, the species and estimated numbers observed being: chip-
ping Sparrow, 50; vesper sparrow, 10; Oregon junco, 10; white-crowned
sparrow, 8. On August 8 a migration of robins took place and during
the two days following, ruby-crowned kinglet, Audubon warbler, Macgil-
livray warbler, Wilson warbler and redstart became conspicuous.

"Keefe Lake": Approximately 12 acres in lots 938 and 939, (Pre-
emptor series Map 3B, British Columbia Department of Lands). This
smal] lake is margined by a 50-foot strip of sedge bog enclosed
within a dense willow thicket in surroundings of haylands and aspen
woods (Fig. 26). Along shore are beds of yellow pond. lily and else-
where an abundant growth of hornwort, water buttercup Ranunculus
trichophyllus, and the pondweeds Potamogeton richardsonii, P. pusillus
and P. friesii. During the times Ivisited the lake the water was
crowded with ivy-leafed duckweed Lemna trisulca and quantities of
greater duckweed floated on the surface. Amphipods Gamuarus limnaeus
were exceedingly abundant; dragonfly nymphs, but no damselflies either
adult or nymphs, were taken. Helisoma stbcrenatum (Carpenter) and
Physella ampullacea (Gould) were the only molluscs collected.

The waterfowl population on August 4 and August 6 consisted of:
mallard, 2 broods; baldpate, female with brood. of 4; lesser scaup
duck, female with brood of 4, and 1 female without brood; Barrow
golden-eye, female with brood of 6; buffle-head, 1 female; white-
winged scoter, female with 1 downy young. This population had been
subjected to loss of young through predation and the loss continued
during the time the lake was under observation.

"Stanyer Lake": About 8 acres in lot 943, (Pre-emptor Series, Map 38,
British Columbia Department of Lands). Similar in character and in
plant and animal food to Keefe Lake with additional cover in the shore
marsh provided by an admixture of cattails. The amphipod Gammarus
limneus, a mollusc Gyraulus vermicularis and a waterbug Notonecta
kirbyi Hung. were collected here Ivy-leafed duckweed was very
abundant and lay six inches deep on parts of the lake bottom. The
waterfowl population on August 7 consisted of horned grebe, & adults
and 6 young; mallard, 8; baldpate, female and 6 young; pintail, 1;
green-winged teal, female and 6 young; ring-necked duck, female and

7 young, lesser scaup duck, 3 females and 31 young; Barrow golden-

eye, e& young

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