feet It is subject to greater precipitation than the more open
conferous forest region at the same altitude west of the Fraser
River. Probably it approximates that of Barkerville, 40 miles

east and north of Quesnel, where the annual precipitation for a
10-year period was 35.5 inches. The terrain is rough and broken
with small, usually deep lakes in some of the valleys between the
intervening ridges The forest cover is lodgepole pine, Engel-
mann spruce, Douglas fir and alpine fir Abies lasiocarpa with compara-
tively little undergrowth. Black twin-berry of small size is one
of the commoner shrubs; blueberries and kinnikinnick are abundant.
In places the forest floor is mossy and through this green carpet
grow a variety of plants amongst them false box Pachystima
myrsinites, false Solomon's seal Smilacina stellata, Clintonia
Clintonia unifiora, oak fern Pregopteris dryopteris, and masses

of bunch berry. Aspen dominates the burned-over areas and occurs
in greater size along the numerous streams, together with black
cottonwood, alder, western birch, willow and some black spruce.
Here the undergrowth is heavy, conspicuous elements being thimble
berry, cow parsnip, tall fern and Indian hellebore Veratrum viride.

In late August most of the summer population of land birds
except song sparrows had left. Transient golden-crowned kinglets,
ruby-crowned kinglets, winter wrens, Tennessee warblers, Audubon
warblers and white~crowned sparrows were passing through. Among
the resident birds recorded were goshawk, Franklin grouse, horned
owl, American three-toed woodpecker, Canada jay and Hudsonian
chickadee.

Four deep lakes connected by running streams and tributary
to Cottonwood River are known as Beaver House, Fifteen Mile,
Sixteen Mile and Edy. These and other local lakes were inspected
in late August.

Fifteen Mile Lake: Approximately 3/4 mile long, 3/8 mile wide,
situated close to the Quesnel-Barkerville Road, 15-miles east of
Quesnel. This is a crescent-shaped lake with small sedge meadows
at either end and surrounded by forest of the prevailing type.
There are four inhabited beaver lodges on the shore and several
beaver dams across Fifteen Mile Creek near the outlet. At the
time of inspection, the sedge meadows, an old wagon road along
shore and a bridge across the creek were under water. On August
23 four mallard and one Holboell grebe were seen there.

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