10 | REPORT— 1890.

well as of all the other evidence at hand, leaves a highly favourable
impression @¢ regard to the policy and methods which have been pursued
by the Canadian legislatures and executive authorities in dealing with
these tribes. If any mistakes have been committed, they have been due
chiefly to defective information. The evidence presented by these reports
is that of a careful and kindly guardianship, more considerate and liberal,
perhaps, than any barbarous tribes, in the like situation, have ever before
experienced.

Second General Report on the Indians of British Columbia.
By Dr. Franz Boas.

Intropuctory Nore.

In the report of the results of my reconnaissance in 1888 I have given
a summary of the most important facts relating to the ethnology of
British Columbia so far as known. According to instructions of the
editor of these reports, Mr. Horatio Hale, on my last journey, in the
summer of 1889, I paid special attention to the study of the Nootka and
the Salish tribes. Certain results of my investigations among the Nootka
made it necessary to collect some additional facts on the Kwakiutl.
Therefore the following report will be devoted to a description of the
Nootka, Salish, and Kwakiutl. The Salish stock inhabits a considerable
part of the interior of British Columbia and the southern part of the
coast. In describing the ethnology of this people the former group mast
be separated from the latter which participates in the peculiar culture
of the coast tribes of British Columbia. As the Salish are subdivided
into a very great number of tribes speaking different dialects, I have
thought it advisable to study one tribe of each group. Among the coast
tribes I selected the Lku’igrn, among those of the interior the Shushwap.
The first part of the report contains a description of the tribes or groups
of tribes mentioned: the Lku/igrn, Nootka, Kwakiutl, and Shushwap.
In my first report a sketch was given of four linguistic stocks of this
region: the Tlingit, Haida, Tsimshian, and Kutonaqa. In the second
part of the present report the review is completed, a sketch of the
Kwakiutl, Nootka, and Salish languages being given. As the last is
subdivided into a great number of dialects, it was necessary to select
only the most salient points of the various dialects. This seemed the
more advisable, as the Kalispelm dialect is well known through
Mengarini’s grammar and Giorda’s dictionary. The measurements of
crania were made in the anthropological laboratory of Clark University,
Worcester, Mass., which is well fitted with the necessary instruments.
The described specimens were collected in part by Mr. W. J. Sutton, of
Cowitchin, B.C., in part by myself during the years 1886 to 1888. I
have to express my thanks to Dr. N. L. Britton, of Columbia College,
New York, for determining a number of plants for me. I am indebted
to the kindness of Dr. George M. Dawson for photographs of specimens
in the museum of the Geological Survey of Canada in Ottawa, from
which a number of sketches were made.

The following alphabet has been used in the report :—

The vowels have their continental sounds, namely: a, as in father ;
e, like ain mate; 1, a8 In machine; 0, as in note; uw, as in rule.

In addition the following are used: @, 6, as in German; d=aw in
law; E=e in flower (Lepsius’s e).