Physiognomy of British Columbia Coastal Indians. 33

While this seems the only view of the origin and history of the blood groups which is
genetically sound, yet it encounters difficulties when applied to the American Indian and the
Eskimo, who are now both shown pretty clearly to be O when uncontaminated by crossing.
For the Indians, and the Eskimos still more, are evidently more advanced than the Bushmen
or the Australians, yet they have little or no A and no B. They are in fact in the O condition?
which we regard as the most primitive for the human race. A solution of this dilemma may
be found by a further study of the blood groups of peoples in North-Eastern Asia, and of such
peoples as the Tibetans, Malaysians and other groups from whom the Indians may have been
derived (Hrdlicka, 1913).

A number of recent papers mainly confirm the conclusion that pure-blooded Indians
wherever found in North or South America will be found to be all or nearly all O.

The recent results are tabulated in Table 3.

TaBLE 3.—Blood Group of Various North American Indians.

Author. Locality. Total. O. A. B. AB.

Coca and Deibert ...| Oklahoma, N. Mexico and Haskell Institute] 862 670 174 18 —

Per cent. 5 ae Bee — TT-7 20-2 2-1 —

Nigg ... BAe ...| Indians from Haskell ibagitindis Sno s.-| 316 _— — — —
Percent. .. : a she — 70-9 27-2 1:6 0:3

Nigg ... es ...| Navahos from Arizona ae Sa ...| 457

Percent. .. os os St — UDO 26-9 0-2 0-2

Rife ... 685 ...| Usumacintha Valley .. ee 600 Soq| ad) 29 1 — —
Yucatan Be se sae oe ats 96 95 1 — —

Navahos one as “ive se Soo) — LL 111 1 — —

Goodner at ...| Mayain Yucatan... Sere ios Soo) 228} 218 3 1 1
Ieee My — cos ue See ae ee — 97-7 1:3 0-5 0-5

Yucatecans (mixed) .. as 906 ...| 202 172 20 10 —

Percent. ... See Nan Sale fee — 85-1 9-9 5:0 —

Moss and Kennedy ...} Mayain Yucatan... oe Sec ...| 738 565 123 40 10
Percent. ... : BSG noe — 76-6 16:7 5:4 1:4

Mexican prison farm i in nlexac ore ...| 338 200 95 40 3

Percent. ... eae nee ae en — 59-2 28-1 11:8 0-9

Peru ... we iG ane Sate cool] J32/ 104 47 25 11
Percent.  ... oe aor — eters — 55:6 25-1 13-4 5:9

Santo Domingo ans 506 aes soo} _O®) 64 27 15 3

Percent. ... Se aoe N86 ae — 58-7 24-8 13-8 2°8

EEE

Coca and Deibert (1923), having in mind that American Indians are generally believed
to be of Mongolian origin, tested 862 supposed to be of pure blood and belonging to many
Western tribes. They obtained results as above which have since been confirmed in many
other tribes. By testing 111 Chinese students in American Universities they also confirmed
that the Chinese are high in B (28-8 per cent.) and concluded that the Indians had perhaps
separated from the rest of mankind before the A and B agglutinogens appeared. Nigg (1926)
obtained similar results from 316 Indians regarded as full-blood and belonging to many tribes

1 Bay-Schmith (1930), however, finds as much as 53-8 per cent. of A in Greenland Eskimo supposed to ke
of pure blood, but it seems likely that this may be from crossings with Europeans.

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