ON THE NORTH-WESTERN TRIBES OF CANADA. ll

Among the consonants the following additional letters have been
used: g*, a very guttural g, similar to gr; k, a very guttural ‘, similar
to kr; q, the German ch in bach; u, the German ch in ich; @, be-
tween g and H; c=sh in shore; ¢, as th in thin; tl, an explosive J;
dl, a palatal J, pronounced with the back of the tongue (dorso-apical).

IL THE LKU'NGEN.

The Lku/figEen are generally known by the name of Songish. They
inhabit the south-eastern part of Vancouver Island. They belong to the
Coast Salish, a group of tribes of the Salish stock (see Fourth Report of
Committee, p. 9). They are called Lkt’men by the Snanai/muq. Their
language is called the Lkungé’nen. The same language, with very slight
dialectic peculiarities, is spoken by the qsa’nite (Sanitch) of Sanitch
Peninsula and’ on the mainland, south of Fraser River; the Sa’ok of
Sooke Inlet and the Tla/lam on the south side of Juan de Fuca Straits.
The name of ‘ Songish’ is derived from that of one of their septs, the
Stsa’igEs, who live south-west of Victoria.

Houses AND Boats.

The Lku’figen use the long houses of the Coast Salish. In British
Columbia this type of house is used on the west coast of Vancouver
Island, on the east coast, south of Comox, and on the coast of the
mainland. In the upper part of the Fraser River delta subterranean
houses of the same type as those used in the interior of the province are
used. The framework of the house consists of heavy carved uprights
which carry heavy cross-beams. The uprights are generally rectangular
(u, figs. 1,2). The cross-beams, ©, are notched, so as to fit on the top of

Fic. 1.—Plan of Lku’/igEn House.

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the uprights. The uprights which are nearest the sea are a little higher
than those on the opposite side. The higher one of the long sides of the

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