De the

THE ENTERPRISING business
man who finds himself duped by a
smooth-talking oil-stock salesman
has unwittingly set the stage for the
crime, suggests Dr. Hans von Hentig
of Yale, whose specialty is crimin-
ology.

’

“Often victims seem to be born,’
he says. ‘Often they are society made.
Sometimes the most valuable quali-
ties render us easy victims: in a sense,
the victims shape and mould the crim-
inal.”’

After studying in detail the trend
of the year, week and hour of the
day in which most crimes are com-
mitted; the age, sex, occupation and
physical characteristics of the crim-
inal, and certain traits and tendencies
of the victim that foster aggression,
~ von Hentig reaches these conclusions:

Porty-five per cent. of all homi-
cides occur between 6 p.m. and mid-
night.

Most burglars are arrested between

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Page Fifty-six

iclim Be Mea

2 and 4 o'clock in the morning; the
next greatest number of arrests oc-
curs in the following two-hour
period.

Crimes of violence and the serious
sex crimes culminate on Saturday,
Sunday and “‘blue’’ Monday.

Most women commit suicide on
Sunday, most men on Monday.

Burglary tends to increase from
Friday night on, and Saturday night
criminality ‘‘is obviously caused
largely by alcoholic and other ex-
cesses.”

Sunday is the day of family ca-
tastrophes.

The three great property offences
—larceny, burglary and robbery—
reach a peak around the end of the
year.

Winter in a moderate climate is
a nature-produced depression. Living
becomes more expensive then because
sO many more things are needed.
weather not only acts as a physical
stimulus or sedative, but produces
social situations that facilitate or
thwart the execution of a criminal
act.

First-born children have a higher
rate of criminal tendencies than their
younger brothers and sisters.

Criminal conduct and intelligence
are only loosely related. Many crim-
inals have an I.Q. above 110, and
the intelligence of a legion of honest
and decent people ranges between 70
and 90.

The social environment is often
the decisive factor in determining
whether a crime is to be committed.
For example, there is no lynching in
Canada, England, France or Ger-
many. ‘Today’s lynchings must be
regarded as symptoms of a disruptive
social development. An ineradicable
practice of lynching must be regarded
as a serious symptom of untamed
primitiveness in a highly developed
technical civilization.

Normally, cities, slums and _ race
differences breed crime.

_ Youth is the most dangerous per-
1od of life, because the young under
natural conditions are ideal prey.

Of all males murdered, 66.6 per
cent. are alcoholics.

The greedy can be ‘“‘hooked”’ by
all sorts of bait. The excessive de-
sire for gain eclipses intelligence, busi-

piers”

rime

ness experience and inner impedi-
ments.

In suggesting that increased atten-
tion be paid to the crime-provoking
function of the victim, Dr. von Hen-
tig says that he has certain practical
consequences in mind. In most crimes
the perpetrator is hidden, the victim
—dead or alive—available. With a
thorough knowledge of the interre-
lations of these two, new approaches
to the detection of crime will be
opened, he thinks.

Von Hentig develops his findings
in his new book, ‘““The Criminal and
His Victim,’’ just published by the
Yale University Press.

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