——

broader peninsula and this is heavily wooded like most other parts
of the shore; along this side of the intervening channel are
marshes of horsetail and cattail.

Out from the hard shores on the northern section of the lake
are several small horsetail marshes (Fig. 19). In the northwest
corner is a shallow bay some 75 acres in extent and the outlet of
the lake--a narrow creek connecting Nukko Lake with Chief Lake
about two miles to the north. Here the water is shallow, the bot-
tom deep marl in places, and clay covered with dessicated vegeta-
tion in others. The shores are chiefly sedge and horsetail marsh
(Equisetum limosum) but marsh cinque-foil dominates some areas
farther inshore. This plant grows larger in these northern
marshes than it does in southern British Columbia and becomes an
important cover plant In one place is a bed of round-stem bulrush
about 30 feet in circumference, and in another a small clump of
cattail There is an abundant submerged flora including extensive
beds of pondweed Potamogeton Robbinsii, P. natans, P. perfoliatus,
P. praelongus and patches of arrowhead Sagittaria cuneata

Molluscs, including mussels, clams, and snails are very abun-
dant but the amount of insect larvae is small. In the shallows
were observed large shoals of lake shiners and Columbia River chub.
Other fishes said to be in the lake are Kamloops trout, suckers,
squawfish, ling and whitefish.

The shore line of the southern and main portion of the lake
is irregular by reason of the several long peninsulas and extensive
bays Marshes of horsetail and round-steam bulrush, in clear stands
and of varying widths, is continuous along the shore. No informa-
tion regarding precise depths is available but the lake appears to
be generally deep with shallows restricted to shore areas and the
upper portions of the bays These have hard bottoms and along the
outer margins of the prevailing horsetail and round-stem bulrush
such plants as water smartweed and water milfoil grow profusely
Water buttercup Ranunculus trichophyllus is abundant in shallow,
open water and amongst open stands of bulrush (Fig 20). Some
imshore areas are dominated by arrowhead and in places yellow pond
lily is plentiful. In deeper water are chara meadows and forests
of pondweed Potamogaton amplifolius, with stems 15 feet and more
in length

Invertebrates other than molluscs were not found to be plenti-
ful anywhere in the lake. Amphipods were notably scarce and
Hyelella azteca was the only species found. Only four adult damsel-
flies were seen; no nymphs of this group, and only one waterbug
Sigara solensis (Hung }, were taken by dredging. The molluscs iden-
tified are: Lymnaea stagnalis jugularis Say, Stagnicola near preblei
(Dall) Helisoma subcrenatum (Carpenter), Physella ampullacea (Gould),
Sphaerium sulcatum (Lamarck) and Anodonta kennerlyi Lea.

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