Downstream about 13 to 2 miles from the road, white clay
outcrops in the west bank of the river at two localities. It extends
upward from the river to a height of about 15 feet and is overlain by
heavy gravel deposits. The exposures are about 200 yards apart and
are each about 100 yards long. Evidently a considerable area is under-
lain by clay.

The relationship of the coal and clay deposits has not been
determined, but they clearly belong to the same Tertiary basine This
is evidently several square miles in area, occupying Coal River Valley
from its mouth for 8 to 10 miles upstream. Its width may be estimated
as from 2 to 4 miles,

The age ofthe coal and clay deposits is certainly Tertiary,
but to which division they belong is not known.

McConnell reported sandstone, clay, and lignite in the lower
valley of a stream entering Liard River from the south about 7 miles
below Hyland River. This locality was not visited by the writer. It
is probable that several basins of Tertiary age may occur in this
vicinitye

Glaosial and Outwash Deposits

The Ice Age has left a legacy in the form of striae, glacial
valleys, moraines, till, erratics, and outwash gravel and sand.

Glacial striae were noted as follows: . on the north slope of
Teepee Mountain (near mile 62 old road), direction south 35 degrees
west; on the south side of Tetsa River, in the pass near mile 100, at
an elevation of about 4,700,,fine glacial striae on. limestone,. direction
north 81 degrees east, in which direction the striee die out; on-the
southwest ridge of Mount St. Paul, elevation about 6,000 feet, direction
of striae south 32 degrees west; and on calcareous pee uiniee near north
pier of suspension bridge over Liard River, fine glacial striae, direc-
tion south 62 degrees caste

The rock rims of the main valleys” are typically U-shaped.
Beautiful hanging valleys occur along Tetsa River and upper MacDonald |
Creek, and other tributary valleys have gorges and falls short
distances back from their mouths. Side moraines have dammed hanging
valleys along Tetsa River near mile 94, forming small lakes.

A mountain cirque facing MacDonald Creek Valley, about 2 miles
south of mile 106, has a small moraine partly blocking its hanging
entrance into the main valley. ‘The elevation of the moraine is about
5,200 feet. Other perched northesouth moraines occur nearby.

Glacial till occurs at numerous places along the sides of ©
the valleys and up tributary channels, but it is largely replaced or
masked by outwash gravels and sand. North of mile 98 a morainal knob
occurs at an elevation of more than 4,700 feet,

Hoodoos carved from till occur in Summit Pass near mile 104,
up a side stream entering Muncho Iake near mile 172, along Trout River
near mile 193, and elsewhere. Till cements sufficiently to weather out
into the picturesque boulder-capped columns known as “hoodoos", but
outwash gravel and sand lack sufficient cohesion.

Erratic boulders are of interest as they indicate the source
of at least a part of the till and outwash materials. Numerous red
granite and gneissic boulders, in part cut by aplite dykes, occur
along the Highway as far west as mile 95. The boulders here are fairly
numerous and range up to 18 inches in diameter. Their identity with
rocks from the Precambrian shield seems unquestioned. Tetsa Walley
here is relatively narrow and is bounded by foothills rising to nearly