to northern British Columbia and Yukon points, they handle only such Alaskan business as may originate in Canada, and it is with Passenger traffic that they are chiefly concerned. These ships, in speed and appointments, have been able to give a superior service. The same has been true of the Canadian Pacific Steamships. It has been estimated that in the years immediately before the war the two Canadian lines handled 60 to 70 per cent of all the tourist traffic in southeast Alaska. Canadian Pacific Steamships (B.C. Coast).—In the summer of 1939 the Canadian Pacific was operating four ships from Vancouver in the British Columbia coastal and southeast Alaskan trade. These were the Princess Alice, Princess Charlotte, Princess Louise, and Princess Norah. During the summer months, the Princess Louise, Princess Alice, and Princess Charlotte operated to Skagway, with two sailings weekly from Vancouver with calls at Prince Rupert. A less frequent service, using two ships, is provided during the remainder of the year. The above four ships have a total combined gross tonnage of 13,670 tons. The Princess Louise and Princess Norah are fairly modern, having been built in 1921 and 1928 respectively. The Princess Charlotte and Princess Alice were built in 1908 and 1911 respectively, and in size and speed compare fairly well with the Prince Rupert and Prince George of the Canadian National line. Although these ships carry some local freight, they are primarily passenger vessels. Freight loadings being light— normally they carry little freight to Alaskan points—they are able, like the Canadian National ships, to maintain a very regular schedule. The Canadian Pacific also normally operates a daily steamship service between Vancouver, Victoria, and Seattle. Union Steamship Company.—This company, with its subsidiary (Frank Waterhouse & Co. of Canada Ltd.), Operates coastal services for passengers and freight between Vancouver, the east coast of Vancouver Island, and northern British Columbia ports as far north as Stewart. It does not engage in the Alaskan tourist business and confines its tourist services to British Columbia Coast points including Bowen Island, Sechelt, Selma Park, and Whytecliffe (al! in the immediate vicinity of Vancouver) where the company Operates summer hotel resorts. The company’s fleet consists of 18 vessels, 12 of which are chartered to the subsidiary company; the remaining 6, operated directly by the parent company, have a combined gross tonnage of 6,000, and net tonnage of about 3,300. Freight Traffic Although no precise figures respecting the amount of freight normally moving from United States and Canadian points to Alaska, Yukon, and northern British Columbia are available, a fairly close estimate can be made. In 1936, the latest year prior to the war for which figures are available, the tonnage moved from United States ports to Alaska, excluding tanker tonnage, was about 400,000 short tons. This undoubtedly would include any freight discharged at Skagway or other Alaskan ports for Yukon or northern British Columbia destinations. In the same year south- bound tonnage from Alaska, to United States points was about 375,000 short tons. The Canadian lines—essentially passenger lines—appear ‘to have handled about 36,000 tons northbound and about 34,000 tons southbound. Deducting 30 per cent for local trafic between southern British Columbia Coast points (between Vancouver and Ocean Falls) there remains about 25,000 tons northbound for northern British Columbia and Yukon destinations, and about 24,000 tons southbound. The total United States and Canadian movement was thus about 425,000 tons northbound and about 400,000 tons southbound. These figures do not include tanker tonnage which originates chiefly in California and which, combined with tanker tonnage to Canadian points, would amount to about 110,000 net tons. This tanker tonnage, of course, increased immensely in the war years. The above figures all refer to freight transported by common carrier vessels. In addition, a large proportion of the canned salmon from Alaska is handled by vessels owned and operated by the canneries. The magnitude of this tonnage will be seen from the production figures for canned salmon for Alaska alone which, for the year 1938, amounted to 326,736,000 pounds, or about 163,000 short tons, repre- senting, incidentally, 45 per cent of the canned fish pro- duction, of all types, of the United States on the North American Continent. Passenger Traffic The number of passengers carried in ships of United States registry between United States ports and Alaska, which would include some passengers to and from Canadian points in Yukon, was, as averaged for 1935 and 1936, about 22,000 northbound and about 19,000 southbound. In 1936, one Canadian line transported 19,919 passengers northbound and 11,677 southbound. The bulk of this trafic, of course, moved in the summer months and since in this season both Canadian lines Operate at Close to capacity, their comparative volume may be assumed as proportional to accommodation which is in a ratio of 54 for the line mentioned to 46 for the other. Applying these proportions would give a total for both Canadian lines of about 37,000 northbound and 21,500 southbound. Subtracting an estimated 4,000 for local Passengers between Ocean Falls and points south to Vancouver leaves 33,000 northbound to destinations in Alaska, Yukon, and northern British Columbia, and about 17,500 southbound. These figures would suggest that, in 1936, about three fifths of the northbound and about half of the southbound 193]