splashed against it with small paddles. In this way the sur-
rounding metal is eaten or etched away to a depth sufficient
to allow the picture to be the only raised surface for
printing. Final etching, routing, bevelling and trimming
of waste material is done by hand. The cut is then mounted
on a block of wood so that the printing surface will be

flush with the type face.

The finished cut is then sent to the printer who “marks”
his copy to conform to the layout, and the operator com-
mences to “set” the type. This is not done as in the old
days by hand from single pieces of type. The type-setter
sits at a complicated machine—almost human—using a
keyboard much like a typewriter. Incidentally, these
machines cost an average of $5000 each. When the
operator finishes “setting” his copy he carries his lines
in their metal tray to an assembling “bank” or table.
After assembly in single column the type is inked and
“galley” proofs are pulled so that they can be scanned
for errors by both editor and proofreader. Any new type
required is reset and the corrected type is placed in a
page form with the cuts, another “check” is made and
the page placed on one side until a given number (in
the case of THE SHOULDER Srrap, 8 pages) are similarly
made up. They are then placed in a “forme” and securely

wedged and locked to prevent the slightest play.

But we must not forget the lifeblood of a magazine—
the advertisements. They are dealt with in a similar
manner to the reading matter, except that the larger type
is cast on a machine called a “Ludlow.” When this is
done, a compositor lays it out with the necessary borders
and spacing material. When the finished type is assembled,
a proof is pulled for errors and the corrected ad. is placed

in its own page.

Now everything is ready for the press. The rubber
rollers of that machine distribute the ink over the type
in the exact quantity required. This type comes in contact
with the paper, printing the sheets at the rate of 1800
copies an hour. Folding the paper is as essential as printing
it, and the printed pages are automatically folded in their
proper sequence. They then go to the bindery, where they
are wire stitched, the cover glued on, and trimmed with

huge guillotine-like knives.

The magazine is now ready for its readers.

*

Cuts by courtesy of J. Norman Robertson, managing
editor, B. C. Electric Employees Magazine.

The magazine is cut and trimmed ready for mailing.

SUMMER EDITION

Page Nine